{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T16:33:12Z","timestamp":1764174792178},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiology in Warsaw","award":["2.47\/V\/16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2.47\/V\/16"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an inherited cardiac ion channelopathy predisposing to life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The aim of this study was to investigate left ventricular mechanical abnormalities in LQTS patients and establish a potential role of strain as a marker of arrhythmic risk.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We included 47 patients with genetically confirmed LQTS (22 LQT1, 20 LQT2, 3 LQT3, and 2 SCN3B) and 25 healthy controls. A history of cardiac events was present in 30 LQTS subjects. Tissue Doppler and speckle tracking echocardiography were performed and contraction duration was measured by radial and longitudinal strain. The radial strain characteristic was subdivided into two planes \u2014 the basal and the apical. Left ventricular ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain were normal in LQTS patients. Mean contraction duration was longer in LQTS patients compared with controls in regard to basal radial strain (491\u2009\u00b1\u200957 vs. 437\u2009\u00b1\u200955\u2009ms, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), apical radial strain (450\u2009\u00b1\u200953 vs. 407\u2009\u00b1\u200953\u2009ms, P\u2009=\u20090.002), and longitudinal strain (445\u2009\u00b1\u200934 vs. 423\u2009\u00b1\u200943\u2009ms, P\u2009=\u20090.02). Moreover, contraction duration obtained from apical radial strain analysis was longer in symptomatic compared with asymptomatic LQTS mutation carriers (462\u2009\u00b1\u200949 vs. 429\u2009\u00b1\u200955\u2009ms, P\u2009=\u20090.024), as well as in subject with mutations other than LQT1 considered to be at higher risk (468\u2009\u00b1\u200950 vs. 429\u2009\u00b1\u200949\u2009ms, P\u2009=\u20090.01).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Myocardial contraction duration is prolonged for both radial and longitudinal directions in LQTS patients. Regional left ventricular function analysis may contribute to risk stratification. Apical radial deformation seems to select subjects at higher risk of arrhythmic events.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaa107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,10]],"date-time":"2020-04-10T19:13:45Z","timestamp":1586546025000},"page":"1279-1286","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prolonged left ventricular contraction duration in apical segments as a marker of arrhythmic risk in patients with long QT syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Karolina","family":"Borowiec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Congenital Heart Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miros\u0142aw","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Congenital Heart Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Kumor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Congenital Heart Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Duliban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Congenital Heart Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Witold","family":"\u015amigielski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Demography and Social Gerontology, University of Lodz, Rewolucji 1905 r. 41, 90-214 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Congenital Heart Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"El\u017cbieta Katarzyna","family":"Biernacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Congenital Heart Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020080405003506800_euaa107-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(75)90089-7","article-title":"The long QT syndrome","volume":"89","author":"Schwartz","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2020080405003506800_euaa107-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eut272","article-title":"Executive summary: HRS\/EHRA\/APHRS expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of patients with inherited primary arrhythmia syndromes","volume":"15","author":"Priori","year":"2013","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2020080405003506800_euaa107-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI19844","article-title":"Long QT syndrome: novel insights into the mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias","volume":"112","author":"Kass","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2020080405003506800_euaa107-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2008.10.008","article-title":"Dispersions of repolarization and ventricular arrhythmogenesis: lessons from animal models","volume":"98","author":"Killeen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Biophys Mol Biol"},{"key":"2020080405003506800_euaa107-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2010.10.012","article-title":"Overview of basic mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmia","volume":"3","author":"Antzelevitch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Card Electrophysiol Clin"},{"key":"2020080405003506800_euaa107-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.84.4.1530","article-title":"Unsuspected echocardiographic abnormality in the long QT syndrome. 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