{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:47:50Z","timestamp":1790084870178,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]],"date-time":"2020-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Netherlands Cardiovascular Research Initiative"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002996","name":"Dutch Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CVON 2014\u20139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON 2014\u20139"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004374","name":"Medtronic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) often starts as a paroxysmal self-terminating arrhythmia. Limited information is available on AF patterns and episode duration of paroxysmal AF. In paroxysmal AF patients, we longitudinally studied the temporal AF patterns, the association with clinical characteristics, and prevalence of AF progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this interim analysis of the Reappraisal of AF: Interaction Between HyperCoagulability, Electrical Remodelling, and Vascular Destabilisation in the Progression of AF (RACE V) registry, 202 patients with paroxysmal AF were followed with continuous rhythm monitoring (implantable loop recorder or pacemaker) for 6 months. Mean age was 64 \u00b1 9 years, 42% were women. Atrial fibrillation history was 2.1 (0.5\u20134.4) years, CHA2DS2-VASc 1.9 \u00b1 1.3, 101 (50%) had hypertension, 69 (34%) heart failure. One-third had no AF during follow-up. Patients with long episodes (&amp;gt;12 hours) were often men with more comorbidities (heart failure, coronary artery disease, higher left ventricular mass). Patients with higher AF burden (&amp;gt;2.5%) were older with more comorbidities (worse renal function, higher calcium score, thicker intima media thickness). In 179 (89%) patients, 1-year rhythm follow-up was available. On a quarterly basis, average daily AF burden increased from 3.2% to 3.8%, 5.2%, and 6.1%. Compared to the first 6 months, 111 (62%) patients remained stable during the second 6 months, 39 (22%) showed progression to longer AF episodes, 8 (3%) developed persistent AF, and 29 (16%) patients showed AF regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In paroxysmal AF, temporal patterns differ suggesting that paroxysmal AF is not one entity. Atrial fibrillation burden is low and determined by number of comorbidities. Atrial fibrillation progression occurred in a substantial number.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02726698.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaa123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T07:09:01Z","timestamp":1589008141000},"page":"1162-1172","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Temporal patterns and short-term progression of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: data from RACE V"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ruben R","family":"De With","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6mer","family":"Erk\u00fcner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2581-070X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michiel","family":"Rienstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao-Oanh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank W J","family":"K\u00f6rver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Linz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Cate Ten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, +, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henri","family":"Spronk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, +, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7750-8249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abraham A","family":"Kroon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, +, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander H","family":"Maass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Blaauw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert G","family":"Tieleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Martini Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin E W","family":"Hemels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joris R","family":"de Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8436-8635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arif","family":"Elvan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirko","family":"de Melis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medtronic Bakken Research Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Medtronic Bakken Research Centre, Maastricht; currently employed at Medtronic Trading NL, Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coert O S","family":"Scheerder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medtronic Bakken Research Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Medtronic Bakken Research Centre, Maastricht; currently employed at Medtronic Trading NL, Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meelad I H","family":"Al-Jazairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Schotten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands Received 30 March 2020; editorial decision 25 April 2020; accepted after revision 9 May 2020; online publish-ahead-of-print 8 July 2020"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin G L M","family":"Luermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry J G M","family":"Crijns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle C","family":"Van Gelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. 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