{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T17:37:13Z","timestamp":1780681033482,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CIHR Clinician Scientist Award"},{"name":"University of Ottawa Heart Institute Academic Medical Organization Alternate Funding Program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004411","name":"Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G-14-0005725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G-14-0005725"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Clinical Research Scholar Award"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Post-operative pain following cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) insertion is associated with patient dissatisfaction, emotional distress, and emergency department visits. We sought to identify factors associated with post-operative pain and develop a prediction score for post-operative pain.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All patients from the BRUISE CONTROL-1 and 2 trials were included in this analysis. A validated Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to assess the severity of pain related to CIED implant procedures. Patients were asked to grade the most severe post-operative pain, average post-operative pain, and pain on the day of the first post-operative clinic. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of significant post-operative pain and to develop a pain-prediction score. A total of 1308 patients were included. Multivariable regression analysis found that the presence of post-operative clinically significant haematoma {CSH; P value &amp;lt; 0.001; odds ratio (OR) 3.82 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.37\u20136.16]}, de novo CIED implantation [P value &amp;lt; 0.001; OR 1.90 (95% CI: 1.47\u20132.46)], female sex [P value &amp;lt; 0.001; OR 1.61 (95% CI: 1.22\u20132.12)], younger age [&amp;lt;65\u2009years; P value &amp;lt; 0.001; OR 1.54 (95% CI: 1.14\u20132.10)], and lower body mass index [&amp;lt;20\u2009kg\/m2; P value &amp;lt; 0.05; OR 2.05 (95% CI: 0.98\u20134.28)] demonstrated strong and independent associations with increased post-operative pain. An 11-point post-operative pain prediction score was developed using the data.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our study has identified multiple predictors of post-operative pain after CIED insertion. We have developed a prediction score for post-operative pain that can be used to identify individuals at risk of experiencing significant post-operative pain.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaa349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T04:21:03Z","timestamp":1605241263000},"page":"748-756","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Post-operative pain following cardiac implantable electronic device implantation: insights from the BRUISE CONTROL trials"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3303-1490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Girish M","family":"Nair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8498-549X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David H","family":"Birnie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5530-1068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glen L","family":"Sumner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7982-1586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew D","family":"Krahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1216-7580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey S","family":"Healey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7482-8474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo B","family":"Nery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4791-2854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eli","family":"Kalfon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1020-9727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atul","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Southlake Regional Health Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2856-6095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Ayala-Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Coutu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universite de Montreal, Hopital Hotel-Dieu, Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuliano","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Philippon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Quebec Heart Institute, Sainte-Foy, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4126-1285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Eikelboom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roopinder K","family":"Sandhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2096-5390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Sapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Leather","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scarborough Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Yung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scarborough Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":", Bernard","family":"Thibault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher S","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamran","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2156-5145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcio","family":"Sturmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Kavanagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Libin Cardiovascular 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