{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:19:34Z","timestamp":1787008774858,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]],"date-time":"2021-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["837004009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["837004009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010763","name":"Zorginstituut Nederland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HEALTH-F2-2009\u2013602299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HEALTH-F2-2009\u2013602299"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010763","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Community's Seventh Framework Programme","award":["FP7\/2007\u20132013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7\/2007\u20132013"]}]},{"name":"European Community's Seventh Framework Programme","award":["FP7\/2007\u20132013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7\/2007\u20132013"]}]},{"name":"European Community's Seventh Framework Programme","award":["n0 HEALTH-F2-2009\u2013602299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n0 HEALTH-F2-2009\u2013602299"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was performed to develop and externally validate prediction models for appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) shock and mortality to identify subgroups with insufficient benefit from ICD implantation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recruited patients scheduled for primary prevention ICD implantation and reduced left ventricular function. Bootstrapping-based Cox proportional hazards and Fine and Gray competing risk models with likely candidate predictors were developed for all-cause mortality and appropriate ICD shock, respectively. Between 2014 and 2018, we included 1441 consecutive patients in the development and 1450 patients in the validation cohort. During a median follow-up of 2.4 (IQR 2.1\u20132.8) years, 109 (7.6%) patients received appropriate ICD shock and 193 (13.4%) died in the development cohort. During a median follow-up of 2.7 (IQR 2.0\u20133.4) years, 105 (7.2%) received appropriate ICD shock and 223 (15.4%) died in the validation cohort. Selected predictors of appropriate ICD shock were gender, NSVT, ACE\/ARB use, atrial fibrillation history, Aldosterone-antagonist use, Digoxin use, eGFR, (N)OAC use, and peripheral vascular disease. Selected predictors of all-cause mortality were age, diuretic use, sodium, NT-pro-BNP, and ACE\/ARB use. C-statistic was 0.61 and 0.60 at respectively internal and external validation for appropriate ICD shock and 0.74 at both internal and external validation for mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although this cohort study was specifically designed to develop prediction models, risk stratification still remains challenging and no large group with insufficient benefit of ICD implantation was found. However, the prediction models have some clinical utility as we present several scenarios where ICD implantation might be postponed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T13:45:27Z","timestamp":1610113527000},"page":"887-897","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Development and external validation of prediction models to predict implantable cardioverter-defibrillator efficacy in primary prevention of sudden cardiac death"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4340-6815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom E","family":"Verstraelen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4672-2477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marit","family":"van Barreveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bio-informatics, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8332-3336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal H F M","family":"van Dessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center Twente, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4591-4220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas V A","family":"Boersma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Cardiology Department, St. Antonius Ziekenhuis Nieuwegein, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter-Paul P H M","family":"Delnoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Isala Klinieken, Zwolle, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anton E","family":"Tuinenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic A M J","family":"Theuns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pepijn H","family":"van der Voort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Catharina Ziekenhuis Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardus P","family":"Kimman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Buskens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiel","family":"Hulleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelis P","family":"Allaart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sipke","family":"Strikwerda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospitals, Breda, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcoen F","family":"Scholten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center Twente, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Meine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the 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Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Elders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Canisius Wilhelmina hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco W F","family":"van Gent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muchtiar","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8818-5964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Vernooy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University 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Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc A","family":"Brouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard L","family":"Bartels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Martini hospital, Groningen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick R","family":"Bijsterveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Flevo Hospital, Almere, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alida E","family":"Borger van der Burg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattheus W","family":"Vet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Scheper Hospital, Emmen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Derksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinoud E","family":"Knops","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank A L E","family":"Bracke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Catharina Ziekenhuis Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the 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W","family":"Dijkgraaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bio-informatics, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aeilko H","family":"Zwinderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bio-informatics, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur A M","family":"Wilde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Amsterdam, the 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