{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T11:07:38Z","timestamp":1785150458733,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]],"date-time":"2021-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007048","name":"Mayo Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005971","name":"German Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S\/06\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S\/06\/19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005971","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005971","name":"German Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S\/03\/12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S\/03\/12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005971","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"American Heart Association Midwest Affiliate Postdoctoral Fellowship","award":["13POST16810065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13POST16810065"]}]},{"name":"American Heart Association Midwest Affiliate Postdoctoral Fellowship","award":["15POST24800012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15POST24800012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>With the implementation of saline-enhanced radiofrequency (SERF) needle-tip ablation, real-time validation of lesion formation is needed for the controllable creation of transmural lesions. The aim of the study was to analyse the ability of two-dimensional intracardiac echocardiography (2D-ICE) to guide and validate SERF ablation in real-time.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fifty-six SERF energy deliveries at left ventricular sites of 11 dogs guided by 2D-ICE were analysed (power: 15\u201350\u2009W; time: 25\u2013120\u2009s; irrigation saline: 60\u00b0C with 10\u2009mL\/min flow rate). Catheter tip\/tissue orientation and lesion formation could be well detected by 2D-ICE in 49 (87.5%) energy deliveries. Gross pathology analysis confirmed excellent 2D-ICE lesion localization, the ability to detect transmural lesions (70% sensitivity, 47% specificity) and positive correlation between 2D-ICE and the corresponding gross pathology measurements of \u2018maximal lesion depth\u2019; (repeated measures correlation: rrm = 0.43, P\u2009=\u20090.012) and \u2018depth at maximal lesion width\u2019 (D@MW; rrm = 0.51, P\u2009=\u20090.003). The median angle between SERF catheter tip and endocardium was 76\u00b0 [interquartile range (IQR) 58\u201383\u00b0]. The more perpendicular the catheter tip\/tissue orientation was the deeper D@MW (rrm = 0.32, P\u2009=\u20090.045). Grade 3 microbubbles on 2D-ICE during ablation, indicating inadequate catheter tip\/tissue contact, was associated with smaller lesion volumes than with Grade 1 microbubbles (284.8 mm3 [IQR 151.3\u2013343.1] vs. 2114.1 mm3 [IQR 1437.0\u20133026.3], P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>With excellent lesion localization and a 70% detection rate of transmural lesions, 2D-ICE is well suited to validate SERF ablation lesion formation in real-time. The catheter tip\/tissue angle impacts the lesion formation and through perpendicular catheter positioning, deeper intramural areas of the myocardium can be reached.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T21:23:35Z","timestamp":1620249815000},"page":"1826-1836","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Real-time intracardiac echocardiography validation of saline-enhanced radiofrequency needle-tip ablation: lesion characteristics and gross pathology correlation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0374-4983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jannis","family":"Dickow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Interventional Electrophysiology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 1216 2nd St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Interventional Electrophysiology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 1216 2nd St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Interventional Electrophysiology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 1216 2nd St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimitake","family":"Imamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Interventional Electrophysiology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 1216 2nd St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H Immo","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Interventional Electrophysiology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 1216 2nd St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kay D","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Interventional Electrophysiology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 1216 2nd St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura K","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Interventional Electrophysiology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 1216 2nd St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristi H","family":"Monahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Interventional Electrophysiology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 1216 2nd St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam E","family":"Rettmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Interventional Electrophysiology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 1216 2nd St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G","family":"Curley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thermedical Inc.,\u00a0150 Bear Hill Road, Waltham, MA 02451, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas L","family":"Packer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Interventional Electrophysiology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 1216 2nd St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021110907010655600_euab121-B1","first-page":"1601","article-title":"2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: the Task Force for the Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death of the 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