{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:47:37Z","timestamp":1789019257197,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Postdoctoral Fellowship from the University of Adelaide"},{"name":"Early Career Fellowship from the National Heart Foundation of Australia"},{"name":"Beacon Research Fellowship from the University of Adelaide"},{"name":"Postgraduate Scholarship from the Hospital Research Foundation"},{"name":"Early Career Fellowship from the National Heart Foundation of Australia and the Derek Frewin Lectureship from the University of Adelaide"},{"name":"Robert J. Craig Lectureship from the University of Adelaide"},{"name":"Practitioner Fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001030","name":"National Heart Foundation of Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Mid-Career Fellowship from the Hospital Research Foundation and a Postdoctoral Fellowship from the National Heart Foundation of Australia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is a paucity of epidemiological evidence on alcohol and the risk of bradyarrhythmias. We thus characterized associations of total and beverage-specific alcohol consumption with incident bradyarrhythmias using data from the UK Biobank.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alcohol consumption reported at baseline was calculated as UK standard drinks (8 g alcohol)\/week. Bradyarrhythmia events were defined as sinus node dysfunction (SND), high-level atrioventricular block (AVB), and permanent pacemaker implantations. Outcomes were assessed through hospitalization and death records, and dose\u2013response associations were characterized using Cox regression models with correction for regression dilution bias. We studied 407 948 middle-aged individuals (52.4% female). Over a median follow-up time of 11.5 years, a total of 8 344 incident bradyarrhythmia events occurred. Increasing total alcohol consumption was not associated with an increased risk of bradyarrhythmias. Beer and cider intake were associated with increased bradyarrhythmia risk up to 12 drinks\/week; however, no significant associations were observed with red wine, white wine, or spirit intake. When bradyarrhythmia outcomes were analysed separately, a negative curvilinear was observed for total alcohol consumption and risk of SND, but no clear association with AVB was observed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this predominantly White British cohort, increasing total alcohol consumption was not associated with an increased risk of bradyarrhythmias. Associations appeared to vary according to the type of alcoholic beverage and between different types of bradyarrhythmias. Further epidemiological and experimental studies are required to clarify these findings.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euac007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T12:16:29Z","timestamp":1643112989000},"page":"1469-1474","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Alcohol intake and bradyarrhythmia risk: a cohort study of 407 948 individuals"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4137-1978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel J","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide SA 5000 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celine","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide SA 5000 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian D","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide SA 5000 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4893-0824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Linz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide SA 5000 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley M","family":"Pitman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide SA 5000 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen M L","family":"Hendriks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide SA 5000 , Australia"},{"name":"Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University , Adelaide , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis H","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide SA 5000 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3803-8429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prashanthan","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide SA 5000 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher X","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide SA 5000 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022101319163216400_euac007-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.07.017","article-title":"Trends in permanent pacemaker implantation in the United States From 1993 to 2009: increasing complexity of patients and procedures","volume":"60","author":"Greenspon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2022101319163216400_euac007-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.14161","article-title":"Trends in the use, complications, and costs of permanent pacemakers in Australia: a nationwide study from 2008 to 2017","volume":"44","author":"Westaway","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2022101319163216400_euac007-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(64)90022-1","article-title":"Anatomic basis for atrioventricular block","volume":"37","author":"Lev","year":"1964","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2022101319163216400_euac007-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(77)80070-7","article-title":"Pathology of sinoatrial node. 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