{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:24:15Z","timestamp":1790771055344,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electrical storm (ES) is a predictor of mortality, and its treatment is challenging. Moreover, not all potential therapeutic strategies are available in all hospitals, and a standardized approach among European centres is lacking. The aim of this European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) survey was to assess the current management of patients with ES both in the acute and post-acute phases in 102 different European centres. A 20-item online questionnaire was sent out to the EHRA Research Network Centres. The median number of patients with ES treated annually per centre is 10 (IQR 5\u201315). The possibility of using autonomic modulation (e.g. percutaneous stellate ganglion block or thoracic epidural anaesthesia) for the acute ES treatment is available in only 29.3% of the centres. Moreover, although over 80% of centres perform ventricular tachycardia ablation, this procedure is available 24\/7 in only 16.5% of the hospitals. There is a significant heterogeneity among centres regarding the availability of AADs and their use before deciding to proceed with a non-AAD strategy; specifically, 4.4% of centres use only one drug, 33.3% use two drugs, and 12.2% &amp;gt;two drugs, while about 50% of the centres decide based on individual patient\u2019s characteristics. Regarding the type of AADs used for the acute and post-acute management of ES patients, important variability is reported depending upon the underlying heart disease. Most patients considered for percutaneous ablation have structural heart disease. Only 46% of centres refer patients to psychological counselling after ES.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euac151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T07:48:22Z","timestamp":1664956102000},"page":"1277-1283","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Contemporary management of ventricular electrical storm in Europe: results of a European Heart Rhythm Association Survey"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6360-224X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Baldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo , Pavia , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2248-3456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Conte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale , Via Tesserete 48, Lugano 6900 , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7034-1017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katja","family":"Zeppenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Centre, Leiden University Medical Centre , Leiden , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rados\u0142aw","family":"Lenarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, The Medical University of Silesia , Zabrze , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose M","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB SANT PAU, CIBERCV, Universitat Aut\u00f3noma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1673-7712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal M","family":"Farkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"II Department of Heart Arrhythmia, National Institute of Cardiology , Warsaw , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9351-0760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"de Asmundis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel \u2013 Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart , Brussels , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1280-7042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serge","family":"Boveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel \u2013 Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart , Brussels , Belgium"},{"name":"Cardiology-Heart Rhythm Management Department, Clinique Pasteur , Toulouse , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041606541414300_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00495-1","article-title":"Electrical storm in patients with transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: incidence, management and prognostic implications","volume":"32","author":"Credner","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023041606541414300_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1053\/eupc.2000.0104","article-title":"Is electrical storm in ICD patients the sign of a dying heart? 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