{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:04:49Z","timestamp":1792785889351,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EP Solutions SA"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pacing remote from the latest electrically activated site (LEAS) in the left ventricle (LV) may diminish response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We tested whether proximity of LV pacing site (LVPS) to LEAS, determined by non-invasive three-dimensional electrical activation mapping [electrocardiographic Imaging (ECGI)], increased likelihood of CRT response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consecutive CRT patients underwent ECGI and chest\/heart computed tomography 6\u201324 months of post-implant. Latest electrically activated site and the distance to LVPS (dp) were assessed. Left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) reduction of \u226515% at clinical follow-up defined response. Logistic regression probabilistically modelled non-response; variables included demographics, heart failure classification, left bundle branch block (LBBB), ischaemic heart disease (IHD), atrial fibrillation, QRS duration, baseline ejection fraction (EF) and LVESV, comorbidities, use of CRT optimization algorithm, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor(ACE)\/angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB), beta-blocker, diuretics, and dp. Of 111 studied patients [64 \u00b1 11 years, EF 28 \u00b1 6%, implant duration 12 \u00b1 5 months (mean \u00b1 SD), 98% had LBBB, 38% IHD], 67% responded at 10 \u00b1 3 months post CRT-implant. Latest electrically activated sites were outside the mid-to-basal lateral segments in 35% of the patients. dp was 42 \u00b1 23 mm [31 \u00b1 14 mm for responders vs. 63 \u00b1 24 mm non-responders (P &amp;lt; 0.001)]. Longer dp and the lack of use of CRT optimization algorithm were the only independent predictors of non-response [area under the curve (AUC) 0.906]. dp of 47 mm delineated responders and non-responders (AUC 0.931).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The distance between LV pacing site and latest electrical activation is a strong independent predictor for CRT response. Non-invasive electrical evaluation to characterize intrinsic activation and guide LV lead deployment may improve CRT efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euad041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T17:18:55Z","timestamp":1675703935000},"page":"1458-1466","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Non-invasive three-dimensional electrical activation mapping to predict cardiac resynchronization therapy response: site of latest left ventricular activation relative to pacing site"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3159-4852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonor","family":"Parreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrophysiology, Hospital da Luz, S.A. , Lisbon , Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6667-0539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexey","family":"Tsyganov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Moscow , Russian Federation"},{"name":"Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery , Moscow , Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7065-0250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Artyukhina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery , Moscow , Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8818-5964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Vernooy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center , Maastricht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8500-8313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Tondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Center, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS , Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3729-3137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Adragao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrophysiology, Hospital da Luz, S.A. , Lisbon , Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7735-4056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciro","family":"Ascione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Rhythm Center, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS , Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8532-7090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Carmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrophysiology, Hospital da Luz, S.A. , Lisbon , Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5069-777X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salom\u00e9","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrophysiology, Hospital da Luz, S.A. , Lisbon , Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3330-8389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Egger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EP Solutions SA, Yverdon-les-Bains , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrophysiology, Hospital da Luz, S.A. , Lisbon , Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2359-8167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Ghossein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center , Maastricht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9094-5611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magnus","family":"Holm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EP Solutions SA, Yverdon-les-Bains , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitaly","family":"Kalinin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EP Solutions SA, Yverdon-les-Bains , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9985-3753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Malakhova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery , Moscow , Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1102-2155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathias","family":"Meine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Lung Division, University Medical Centre Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrophysiology, Hospital da Luz, S.A. , Lisbon , Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6256-8772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry","family":"Podolyak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery , Moscow , Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1791-9163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amiran","family":"Revishvili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.V. 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