{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:14:48Z","timestamp":1791231288948,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) was proposed in the 1990s as a new therapy for patients with heart failure and wide QRS with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction despite optimal medical treatment. This review is aimed first to describe the rationale and the physiologic effects of CRT. The journey of the landmark randomized trials leading to the adoption of CRT in the guidelines since 2005 is also reported showing the high level of evidence for CRT. Different alternative pacing modalities of CRT to conventional left ventricular pacing through the coronary sinus have been proposed to increase the response rate to CRT such as multisite pacing and endocardial pacing. A new emerging alternative technique to conventional biventricular pacing, conduction system pacing (CSP), is a promising therapy. The different modalities of CSP are described (Hirs pacing and left bundle branch area pacing). This new technique has to be evaluated in clinical randomized trials before implementation in the guidelines with a high level of evidence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euad168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T11:14:56Z","timestamp":1692962096000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["The evolving state of cardiac resynchronization therapy and conduction system pacing: 25 years of research at EP Europace journal"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8527-569X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth A","family":"Ellenbogen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine , Richmond, VA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Auricchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera Italiana and Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino , Lugano , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haran","family":"Burri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Pacing Unit, Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R","family":"Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Leclercq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICIT 804, CHU Pontchaillou Rennes, Universit\u00e9 de Rennes I , Rennes , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Leyva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aston University, Birmingham NHS Trust at Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Birmingham , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Linde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset , Stockholm , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Jastrzebski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University, Medical College , Krakow , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frits","family":"Prinzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology, Maastricht University Medical Center , Maastricht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Vernooy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC) , Maastricht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023082511135629600_euad168-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2932","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000072769.17295.B1","article-title":"Mode Selection Trial Investigators. 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