{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T10:32:39Z","timestamp":1787481159239,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health Council"},{"name":"Andalusian Regional Government","award":["PI-0057\u20132017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI-0057\u20132017"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004895","name":"European Social Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of our study was to analyse the response to short-coupled atrial extrastimuli to identify areas of hidden slow conduction (HSC) and their relationship with the atrial fibrillation (AF) phenotype.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty consecutive patients with paroxysmal AF and persistent AF (10:10) underwent the first pulmonary vein isolation procedure. Triple short-coupled extrastimuli were delivered in sinus rhythm (SR), and the evoked response was analysed: sites exhibiting double or highly fragmented electrograms (EGM) were defined as positive for HSC (HSC+). The delta of the duration of the bipolar EGM was analysed, and bipolar EGM duration maps were built. High-density maps were acquired using a multipolar catheter during AF, SR, and paced rhythm. Spatial co-localization of HSC+ and complex fractionated atrial EGMs (CFAE) during AF was evaluated. Persistent AF showed a higher number and percentage of HSC+ than paroxysmal AF (13.9% vs. 3.3%, P &amp;lt; 0.001). The delta of EGM duration was 53 \u00b1 22\u2005ms for HSC+ compared with 13 \u00b1 11 (10)\u2005ms in sites with negative HSC (HSC\u2212) (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The number and density of HSC+ were lower than CFAE during AF (19 vs. 56 per map, P &amp;lt; 0.001). The reproducibility and distribution of HSC+ in repeated maps were superior to CFAE (P = 0.19 vs. P &amp;lt; 0.001). Sites with negative and positive responses showed a similar bipolar voltage in the preceding sinus beat (1.65 \u00b1 1.34 and 1.48 \u00b1 1.47\u2005mV, P = 0.12).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Functional mapping identifies more discrete and reproducible abnormal substrates than mapping during AF. The HSC+ sites in response to triple extrastimuli are more frequent in persistent AF than in paroxysmal AF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euad246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T11:14:57Z","timestamp":1692702897000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Functional mapping to reveal slow conduction and substrate progression in atrial fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6825-243X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etel","family":"Silva Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar , C\u00e1diz , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9950-5628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Lobo-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar , C\u00e1diz , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1700-6604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Armenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar , C\u00e1diz , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7221-4829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Penela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teknon Medical Center, Heart Institute , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0193-4540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos","family":"Fernandez-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar , C\u00e1diz , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Gomez-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar , C\u00e1diz , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1394-6260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Soto-Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teknon Medical Center, Heart Institute , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Rivero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar , C\u00e1diz , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8876-474X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Vazquez-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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