{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:08:41Z","timestamp":1791245321681,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":33,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002996","name":"Dutch Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2015T082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015T082"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Dutch Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["016.176.340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["016.176.340"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie","award":["860745"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["860745"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Identifying heart failure (HF) patients who will benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) remains challenging. We evaluated whether virtual pacing in a digital twin (DT) of the patient\u2019s heart could be used to predict the degree of left ventricular (LV) reverse remodelling post-CRT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-five HF patients with wide QRS complex (\u2265130\u2005ms) and reduced LV ejection fraction (\u226435%) receiving CRT were retrospectively enrolled. Echocardiography was performed before (baseline) and 6 months after CRT implantation to obtain LV volumes and 18-segment longitudinal strain. A previously developed algorithm was used to generate 45 DTs by personalizing the CircAdapt model to each patient\u2019s baseline measurements. From each DT, baseline septal-to-lateral myocardial work difference (MWLW-S,DT) and maximum rate of LV systolic pressure rise (dP\/dtmax,DT) were derived. Biventricular pacing was then simulated using patient-specific atrioventricular delay and lead location. Virtual pacing\u2013induced changes \u0394MWLW-S,DT and \u0394dP\/dtmax,DT were correlated with real-world LV end-systolic volume change at 6-month follow-up (\u0394LVESV). The DT\u2019s baseline MWLW-S,DT and virtual pacing\u2013induced \u0394MWLW-S,DT were both significantly associated with the real patient\u2019s reverse remodelling \u0394LVESV (r = \u22120.60, P &amp;lt; 0.001 and r = 0.62, P &amp;lt; 0.001, respectively), while correlation between \u0394dP\/dtmax,DT and \u0394LVESV was considerably weaker (r = \u22120.34, P = 0.02).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results suggest that the reduction of septal-to-lateral work imbalance by virtual pacing in the DT can predict real-world post-CRT LV reverse remodelling. This DT approach could prove to be an additional tool in selecting HF patients for CRT and has the potential to provide valuable insights in optimization of CRT delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T07:19:43Z","timestamp":1705648783000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Virtual pacing of a patient\u2019s digital twin to predict left ventricular reverse remodelling after cardiac resynchronization therapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2488-0966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tijmen","family":"Koopsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University , Universiteitssingel 40, 6200 MD , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem","family":"Gerrits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU) , Utrecht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8927-9110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nick","family":"van Osta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University , Universiteitssingel 40, 6200 MD , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4187-8948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"van Loon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University , Universiteitssingel 40, 6200 MD , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3406-4083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Wouters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU) , Utrecht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8917-9032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frits W","family":"Prinzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, CARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8818-5964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Vernooy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, CARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC) , Maastricht , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6897-9700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tammo","family":"Delhaas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University , Universiteitssingel 40, 6200 MD , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5305-1619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arco J","family":"Teske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht 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