{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:41:52Z","timestamp":1791348112390,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FS\/17\/82\/33222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS\/17\/82\/33222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FS\/CRTF\/21\/24128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS\/CRTF\/21\/24128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health Research Clinical Doctoral Research Fellowship","award":["ICA-CDRF-2016-02-068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICA-CDRF-2016-02-068"]}]},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Rare Diseases Translational Research Collaboration","award":["NIHR RD-TRC, #171603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR RD-TRC, #171603"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012317","name":"NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012317","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University College London Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Biomedical Research Unit at Barts Hospital"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008810","name":"New South Wales Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008810","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009021","name":"Heart Research Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009021","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001774","name":"University of Sydney","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Typical electrocardiogram (ECG) features of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) include tall R waves and deep or giant T-wave inversion in the precordial leads, but these features are not always present. The ECG is used as the gatekeeper to cardiac imaging for diagnosis. We tested whether explainable advanced ECG (A-ECG) could accurately diagnose ApHCM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Advanced ECG analysis was performed on standard resting 12-lead ECGs in patients with ApHCM [n = 75 overt, n = 32 relative (&amp;lt;15\u2005mm hypertrophy); a subgroup of which underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (n = 92)], and comparator subjects (n = 2449), including healthy volunteers (n = 1672), patients with coronary artery disease (n = 372), left ventricular electrical remodelling (n = 108), ischaemic (n = 114) or non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (n = 57), and asymmetrical septal hypertrophy HCM (n = 126). Multivariable logistic regression identified four A-ECG measures that together discriminated ApHCM from other diseases with high accuracy [area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve (bootstrapped 95% confidence interval) 0.982 (0.965\u20130.993)]. Linear discriminant analysis also diagnosed ApHCM with high accuracy [AUC 0.989 (0.986\u20130.991)].<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Explainable A-ECG has excellent diagnostic accuracy for ApHCM, even when the hypertrophy is relative, with A-ECG analysis providing incremental diagnostic value over imaging alone. The electrical (ECG) and anatomical (wall thickness) disease features do not completely align, suggesting that future diagnostic and management strategies may incorporate both features.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T20:28:14Z","timestamp":1712348894000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Accurate diagnosis of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using explainable advanced electrocardiogram analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2110-5234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca K","family":"Hughes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London , Gower Street, London , UK"},{"name":"Barts Heart Centre, The Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit and The Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital , West Smithfield, London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3289-2413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George D","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London , Gower Street, London , UK"},{"name":"Barts Heart Centre, The Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit and The Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital , West Smithfield, London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9860-3800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James W","family":"Malcolmson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts Heart Centre, The Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit and The Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital , West Smithfield, London , UK"},{"name":"William Harvey Institute, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8546-5023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iain","family":"Pierce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts Heart Centre, The Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit and The Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital , West Smithfield, London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5190-9407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shafik","family":"Khoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Clinical and Academic Group, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George\u2019s University of London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4398-8977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Hornell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet , SE-171-76, Stockholm , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1611-817X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristopher","family":"Knott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London , Gower Street, London , UK"},{"name":"Barts Heart Centre, The Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit and The Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital , West Smithfield, London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5662-0642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriella","family":"Captur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London , Gower Street, London , UK"},{"name":"MRC Unit of Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London , 1-19 Torrington Place, Fitzrovia, London , UK"},{"name":"Inherited Heart Muscle Conditions Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Royal Free Hospital, NHS Trust , Gower Street, London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8071-1491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James C","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London , Gower Street, London , UK"},{"name":"Barts Heart Centre, The Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit and The Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital , West Smithfield, London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1997-3227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Todd T","family":"Schlegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet , SE-171-76, Stockholm , Sweden"},{"name":"Nicollier-Schlegel SARL , Trelex , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3665-2038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Ugander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet , SE-171-76, Stockholm , Sweden"},{"name":"Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2065 , 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