{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:37:26Z","timestamp":1791308246324,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007229","name":"Special Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hasselt University and Maastricht University Medical Center","award":["BOF17DOCMA15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BOF17DOCMA15"]}]},{"name":"Hasselt University and Maastricht University Medical Center","award":["Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative"]}]},{"name":"Hasselt University and Maastricht University Medical Center","award":["CVON2017-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON2017-13"]}]},{"name":"Hasselt University and Maastricht University Medical Center","award":["CVON2018B030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON2018B030"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001835","name":"Maastricht University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015T61"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015T61"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001835","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"German Academic Scholarship Foundation"},{"name":"Walter Benjamin Programme"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["529532291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["529532291"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002996","name":"Dutch Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021T016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021T016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0915016181013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0915016181013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TTW16772"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TTW16772"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016244","name":"Health Foundation Limburg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016244","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although electrical activity of the normal human heart is well characterized by the electrocardiogram, detailed insights into within-subject and between-subject variations of ventricular activation and recovery by noninvasive electroanatomic mapping are lacking. We characterized human epicardial activation and recovery within and between normal subjects using non-invasive electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) as a basis to better understand pathology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Epicardial activation and recovery were assessed by ECGI in 22 normal subjects, 4 subjects with bundle branch block (BBB) and 4 with long-QT syndrome (LQTS). We compared characteristics between the ventricles [left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV)], sexes, and age groups (&amp;lt;50\/\u226550years). Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficient (CC) was used for within-subject and between-subject comparisons. Age of normal subjects averaged 49 \u00b1 14 years, 6\/22 were male, and no structural\/electrical heart disease was present. The average activation time was longer in LV than in RV, but not different by sex or age. Electrical recovery was similar for the ventricles, but started earlier and was on average shorter in males. Median CCs of between-subject comparisons of the ECG signals, activation, and recovery patterns were 0.61, 0.32, and 0.19, respectively. Within-subject beat-to-beat comparisons yielded higher CCs (0.98, 0.89, and 0.82, respectively). Activation and\/or recovery patterns of patients with BBB or LQTS contrasted significantly with those found in the normal population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Activation and recovery patterns vary profoundly between normal subjects, but are stable individually beat to beat, with a male preponderance to shorter recovery. Individual characterization by ECGI at baseline serves as reference to better understand the emergence, progression, and treatment of electrical heart disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T08:50:51Z","timestamp":1719996651000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Variant patterns of electrical activation and recovery in normal human hearts revealed by noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8881-5498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Job","family":"Stoks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+ , Maastricht , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Advanced Computing Sciences, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, UHasselt , Diepenbeek , Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital , Hasselt , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7499-0815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiran Haresh Kumar","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1388-3039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca","family":"van Rees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+ , Maastricht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4836-2946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uyen Chau","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+ , Maastricht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1348-6970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Casper","family":"Mihl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+ , Maastricht , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+ , Maastricht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4992-914X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter M","family":"Deissler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+ , Maastricht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4278-0132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel M A","family":"ter Bekke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+ , Maastricht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9973-8181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf","family":"Peeters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Computing Sciences, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4928-4836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"Vijgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, UHasselt , Diepenbeek , Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital , Hasselt , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0821-4559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Dendale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, UHasselt , Diepenbeek , Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital , Hasselt , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8681-4368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu 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