{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:11:36Z","timestamp":1790291496337,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common sustained arrhythmia in adults, is increasing in prevalence globally. Catheter ablation (CA), particularly pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), is a key treatment option. Pulmonary vein isolation can be performed using different energy sources, including cryoballoon ablation (CBA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), or pulse field ablation. Anaesthesia modalities for these procedures include general anaesthesia (GA), deep sedation (DS), and conscious sedation (CS). However, the optimal anaesthesia modality remains unclear, as previous studies have shown mixed outcomes. This study aims to compare the safety and efficacy of different anaesthesia modalities in PVI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This prospective, multicentre study, based on the Israeli Catheter Ablation Registry, evaluated the impact of different anaesthesia modalities on procedural outcomes and safety in AF ablation. Data from 1002 patients who underwent PVI between January 2019 and December 2021 across 14 centres were analysed. Patients were stratified by anaesthesia modality\u2014CS vs. GA, with the latter encompassing DS. Key outcomes, including AF recurrence, procedural complications, and success rates, were evaluated over a 24-month follow-up period. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was performed for the subgroup of patients who underwent CBA. Of the 1002 patients, 53% received GA, 6.3% DS, and 40% CS, with CBA used in 84% of cases. Complete PVI was achieved in 91% of patients, with comparable success rates observed between CS and GA groups. No significant differences were found between CS and GA modalities in terms of AF recurrence rates at 12 months (15% vs. 16%) and 24 months (19.5% vs. 21.2%), or in 12-month rehospitalization rates (19.8% vs. 16.5%). Sensitivity analysis of the CBA subgroup yielded similar results, with no significant differences in AF recurrence, complications, or procedural duration between CS and GA modalities.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Conscious sedation is as safe and effective as general anaesthesia in AF ablation, particularly with cryoablation. The choice of anaesthesia appears to be driven by patient characteristics and institutional factors without affecting long-term outcomes such as AF recurrence or complication rates.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T07:58:02Z","timestamp":1739779082000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Comparative analysis of anaesthesia modalities in pulmonary vein isolation: insights from a prospective multicentre registry"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9659-535X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eias","family":"Massalha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center , Tel-Hashomer, Derech Sheba 2, 5262000 Ramat Gan ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Klatskin St. 35, 6997801 Tel Aviv-Yafo ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0869-253X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amer","family":"Dakka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center , Tel-Hashomer, Derech Sheba 2, 5262000 Ramat Gan ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Klatskin St. 35, 6997801 Tel Aviv-Yafo ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4295-6679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avi","family":"Sabbag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center , Tel-Hashomer, Derech Sheba 2, 5262000 Ramat Gan ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Klatskin St. 35, 6997801 Tel Aviv-Yafo ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anat","family":"Berkovitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center , Tel-Hashomer, Derech Sheba 2, 5262000 Ramat Gan ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Klatskin St. 35, 6997801 Tel Aviv-Yafo ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Marai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Tzafon Medical Center, Poriya ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University , Safed ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5665-3735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoav","family":"Michowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jesselson Integrated Heart Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5706-0395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Glikson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jesselson Integrated Heart Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3655-5329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuval","family":"Konstantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Soroka Medical Center, Beer-Sheva ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6673-0506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moti","family":"Haim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Soroka Medical Center, Beer-Sheva ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Luria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1142-3829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Omelchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Klatskin St. 35, 6997801 Tel Aviv-Yafo ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"Cardiology Department, Meir Medical Center , Kfar Saba ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6548-0661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avishag","family":"Laish-Farkash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Electrophysiology and Pacing Unit, Assuta Ashdod University Medical Center, Ashdod ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5202-6806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Suleiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eyal Ofer Heart Hospital, Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Rambam Health Care Campus , Haifa ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"The B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion , Haifa ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8896-460X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eran","family":"Leshem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion , Haifa ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eyal","family":"Nof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center , Tel-Hashomer, Derech Sheba 2, 5262000 Ramat Gan ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Klatskin St. 35, 6997801 Tel Aviv-Yafo ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8717-8298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roy","family":"Beinart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center , Tel-Hashomer, Derech Sheba 2, 5262000 Ramat Gan ,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Klatskin St. 35, 6997801 Tel Aviv-Yafo ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001123","article-title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"147","author":"Tsao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.08.017","article-title":"2023 ACC\/AHA\/ACCP\/HRS guideline for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation","volume":"83","author":"Joglar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2014.118","article-title":"Global epidemiology of atrial fibrillation","volume":"11","author":"Rahman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"36","key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ehae176","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae176","article-title":"2024 ESC guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)","volume":"45","author":"Van Gelder","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510350050036","article-title":"Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort","volume":"271","author":"Benjamin","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023163","article-title":"Modifiable risk factors and atrial fibrillation","volume":"136","author":"Lau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.04.065","article-title":"Recurrence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation or antiarrhythmic drug therapy in the CABANA trial","volume":"75","author":"Poole","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcab102","article-title":"Ten-year trends in mortality and complications following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation","volume":"8","author":"Ngo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"euad244","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euad244","article-title":"Progress in atrial fibrillation ablation during 25 years of europace journal","volume":"25","author":"Boersma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B10","first-page":"euae043","article-title":"2024 European Heart Rhythm Association\/Heart Rhythm Society\/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society\/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation","volume":"26","author":"Tzeis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Eur Pacing Arrhythm Card Electrophysiol J Work Groups Card Pacing Arrhythm Card Cell Electrophysiol Eur Soc Cardiol"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B11","first-page":"euad230","article-title":"Sedation strategies for pulsed-field ablation of atrial fibrillation: focus on deep sedation with intravenous ketamine in spontaneous respiration","volume":"25","author":"Iacopino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Eur Pacing Arrhythm Card Electrophysiol J Work Groups Card Pacing Arrhythm Card Cell Electrophysiol Eur Soc Cardiol"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B12","first-page":"euad222","article-title":"Deep sedation protocol during atrial fibrillation ablation using a novel variable-loop biphasic pulsed field ablation catheter","volume":"25","author":"Grimaldi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Eur Pacing Arrhythm Card Electrophysiol J Work Groups Card Pacing Arrhythm Card Cell Electrophysiol Eur Soc Cardiol"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eux274","article-title":"2017 HRS\/EHRA\/ECAS\/APHRS\/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation","volume":"20","author":"Calkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab154","article-title":"Worldwide sedation strategies for atrial fibrillation ablation: current status and evolution over the last decade","volume":"23","author":"Garcia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipej.2022.12.001","article-title":"The importance of anaesthesia in atrial fibrillation ablation: comparing conscious sedation with general anaesthesia","volume":"23","author":"Mahmoodi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2010.10.043","article-title":"General anesthesia reduces the prevalence of pulmonary vein reconnection during repeat ablation when compared with conscious sedation: results from a randomized study","volume":"8","author":"Di Biase","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-020-01725-7","article-title":"Safety of conscious sedation in electroanatomical mapping procedures and cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation","volume":"36","author":"Weinmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.15519","article-title":"Initial clinical experience of pulmonary vein isolation using the ultra-low temperature cryoablation catheter for patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"33","author":"Tohoku","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa612","article-title":"2020 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)","volume":"42","author":"Hindricks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.36290\/vnl.2017.035","article-title":"Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation performed under general anesthesia: results of a unicentric randomized trial","volume":"63","author":"Sta\u0161kov\u00e1","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vnitr Lek"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"euae203","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae203","article-title":"General anaesthesia compared to conscious sedation for first time atrial fibrillation catheter ablation\u2014a Danish nationwide cohort study","volume":"26","author":"Da Riis-Vestergaard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2020.012","article-title":"General anesthesia or conscious sedation in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation catheter ablation","volume":"165","author":"Moravec","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czechoslov"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200204000-00031","article-title":"Practice guidelines for sedation and analgesia by non-anesthesiologists","volume":"96","author":"An Updated Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Sedation and Analgesia by Non-Anesthesiologists","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B24"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15213","article-title":"The international committee for the advancement of procedural sedation. Procedural sedation: providing the missing definition","volume":"76","author":"Green","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B26","volume-title":"Statpearls [internet]","author":"Doyle","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-017-0961-z","article-title":"General anesthesia improves contact force and reduces gap formation in pulmonary vein isolation: a comparison with conscious sedation","volume":"32","author":"Chikata","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eux057","article-title":"Improved outcome and cost effectiveness in ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation under general anaesthetic","volume":"20","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12787","DOI":"10.1111\/anec.12787","article-title":"Association of clinical predictors with recurrence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23528","article-title":"General anesthesia is not superior to sedation in clinical outcome and cost-effectiveness for ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e011155","DOI":"10.1136\/heartasia-2018-011155","article-title":"Anaesthesia use in catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Asia"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2307291","article-title":"Pulsed field or conventional thermal ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"389","author":"Reddy","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B33","first-page":"94","article-title":"Pulsed field ablation to treat atrial fibrillation: a review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Di Monaco","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Dev Dis"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.04.021","article-title":"Pulsed field ablation for pulmonary vein isolation in atrial fibrillation","volume":"74","author":"Reddy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e011780","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.122.011780","article-title":"Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation using a novel variable-loop biphasic pulsed field ablation catheter integrated with a 3-dimensional mapping system: 1-year outcomes of the multicenter inspIRE study","volume":"16","author":"Duytschaever","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025030423475714500_euae301-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"euae270","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae270","article-title":"General anaesthesia and deep sedation for monopolar pulsed field ablation using a lattice-tip catheter combined with a novel three-dimensional mapping system","volume":"26","author":"Rillig","year":"2024","journal-title":"Europace"}],"container-title":["Europace"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/europace\/article-pdf\/27\/2\/euae301\/61905535\/euae301.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/europace\/article-pdf\/27\/2\/euae301\/61905535\/euae301.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T23:48:23Z","timestamp":1741132103000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/europace\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/europace\/euae301\/8016420"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/europace\/euae301","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-5129","1532-2092"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1099-5129","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2092","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"article-number":"euae301"}}