{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T13:09:23Z","timestamp":1788959363191,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82370355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82370355"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Current ablation strategies for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) remain suboptimal, with success rates around 50%. Pulmonary vein isolation serves as the cornerstone of ablation, yet adjunctive strategies have shown inconsistent results in randomized controlled trials. This review critically examines the outcomes and limitations of these approaches while identifying key barriers to success, including incomplete understanding of AF mechanisms, patient heterogeneity, technical challenges in achieving durable lesions, and the absence of standardized procedural endpoints. A novel electro-anatomically guided ablation protocol is proposed, integrating advanced mapping techniques and procedural endpoints aimed at achieving AF termination. Furthermore, it discusses emerging technologies such as pulsed field ablation, which hold promise for enhancing safety and long-term outcomes. These insights provide a framework for future research and the optimization of persistent AF ablation strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaf037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T17:54:41Z","timestamp":1739814881000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Persistent atrial fibrillation ablation: glimpsing the light ahead?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6771-3337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , No.241 West Huaihai Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6508-4047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi Di","family":"Biase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center\/Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xumin","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , No.241 West Huaihai Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3121-985X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , No.241 West Huaihai Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030 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