{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:39:04Z","timestamp":1790757544978,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ShapeWorks"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIBIB-U24EB029011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIBIB-U24EB029011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIBIB-R01EB016701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIBIB-R01EB016701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIAMS-R01AR076120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIAMS-R01AR076120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NHLBI-R01HL135568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHLBI-R01HL135568"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIGMS-P41GM103545"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIGMS-P41GM103545"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R24 GM136986"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R24 GM136986"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Advanced technologies such as charge density mapping (CDM) show promise in guiding adjuvant ablation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF); however, their limited availability restricts widespread adoption. We sought to determine whether regions of the left atrium containing CDM-identified pivoting and rotational propagation patterns during AF could also be reliably identified using more conventional contact mapping techniques.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty-two patients undergoing de novo ablation of persistent AF underwent both CDM and electroanatomic voltage mapping during AF and sinus rhythm with multiple pacing protocols. Through the use of a left atrium statistical shape model, the location of distinctive propagation patterns identified by CDM was compared with low-voltage areas (LVAs) and regions of slow conduction velocity (CV). Neither LVA nor CV mapping during paced rhythms reliably identified regions containing CDM propagation patterns. Conduction velocity mapping during AF did correlate with these regions (\u03c1 = \u22120.63, P &amp;lt; 0.0001 for pivoting patterns; \u03c1 = \u22120.54, P &amp;lt; 0.0001 for rotational patterns). These propagation patterns consistently occurred in two specific anatomical regions across patients: the anteroseptal and inferoposterior walls of the left atrium.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mapping techniques during paced rhythms do not reliably correspond with regions of CDM-identified propagation patterns in persistent AF. However, these propagation patterns are consistently observed in two specific anatomical regions, suggesting a predisposition to abnormal electrophysiological properties. While further research is needed, these regions may serve as promising targets for empirical ablation, potentially reducing the reliance on complex mapping techniques.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaf048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T08:43:42Z","timestamp":1741769022000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Identifying extra pulmonary vein targets for persistent atrial fibrillation ablation: bridging advanced and conventional mapping techniques"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5994-7798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander J","family":"Sharp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford , Oxford OX37 DQ ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Cardiology Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford OX3 9DU ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4166-3746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael T","family":"Pope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Southampton General Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust , Southampton, SO16 6YD ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9145-6374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andre","family":"Briosa e Gala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Southampton General Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust , Southampton, SO16 6YD ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0783-3389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Varini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford OX3 9DU ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8198-5128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhirup","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford , Oxford OX37 DQ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9063-9905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy R","family":"Betts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford OX3 9DU ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199809033391003","article-title":"Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic impulses originating in the pulmonary veins","volume":"339","author":"Haissaguerre","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae043","article-title":"2024 European Heart Rhythm Association\/Heart Rhythm Society\/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society\/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation","volume":"26","author":"Tzeis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa612","article-title":"2020 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)","volume":"42","author":"Hindricks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2023.02.002","article-title":"Very long term outcomes of atrial fibrillation ablation","volume":"20","author":"Winkle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f366","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eux297","article-title":"Outcomes of persistent and long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation ablation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Clarnette","year":"2018","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euad244","article-title":"Progress in atrial fibrillation ablation during 25 years of Europace journal","volume":"25","author":"Boersma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1408288","article-title":"Approaches to catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"372","author":"Verma","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.23722","article-title":"Effect of catheter ablation using pulmonary vein isolation with vs without posterior left atrial wall isolation on atrial arrhythmia recurrence in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: the CAPLA randomized clinical trial","volume":"329","author":"Kistler","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaa293","article-title":"Pulmonary vein isolation alone vs. More extensive ablation with defragmentation and linear ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation: the EARNEST-PVI trial","volume":"23","author":"Inoue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"EVIDoa2200141","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2200141","article-title":"Low-voltage myocardium-guided ablation trial of persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"1","author":"Huo","year":"2022","journal-title":"NEJM Evid"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euw338","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and severe left atrial scarring: comparison between pulmonary vein antrum isolation only or pulmonary vein isolation combined with either scar homogenization or trigger ablation","volume":"19","author":"Mohanty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.14899","article-title":"Conduction velocity mapping in atrial fibrillation using omnipolar technology","volume":"47","author":"Okubo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E011149","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.122.011149","article-title":"Abnormal conduction zone detected by isochronal late activation mapping accurately identifies the potential atrial substrate and predicts the atrial fibrillation ablation outcome after pulmonary vein isolation","volume":"16","author":"Kuo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-022-02881-6","article-title":"Regional left atrial conduction velocity in the anterior wall is associated with clinical recurrence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation: efficacy in combination with the ipsilateral low voltage area","volume":"22","author":"Ohguchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.119.007233","article-title":"Targeting nonpulmonary vein sources in persistent atrial fibrillation identified by noncontact charge density mapping: UNCOVER AF trial","volume":"12","author":"Willems","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"euad097","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euad097","article-title":"Treatment of pathophysiologic propagation outside of the pulmonary veins in retreatment of atrial fibrillation patients: RECOVER AF study","volume":"25","author":"Betts","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.13661","article-title":"Optimal cutoff value of bipolar low-voltage in electroanatomic voltage mapping during atrial fibrillation rhythm","volume":"42","author":"Kawaji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13282","article-title":"The effect of activation rate on left atrial bipolar voltage in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"28","author":"Williams","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.06.002","article-title":"Dynamic atrial substrate during high-density mapping of paroxysmal and persistent AF: implications for substrate ablation","volume":"5","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.126422","article-title":"High-resolution noncontact charge-density mapping of endocardial activation","volume":"4","author":"Grace","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.09.012","article-title":"Validation of dipole density mapping during atrial fibrillation and Sinus rhythm in human left atrium","volume":"6","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.02.014","article-title":"Individualized ablation strategy to treat persistent atrial fibrillation: core-to-boundary approach guided by charge-density mapping","volume":"18","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab271","article-title":"Clinical utility of non-contact charge density \u2018SuperMap\u2019 algorithm for the mapping and ablation of organized atrial arrhythmias","volume":"24","author":"Pope","year":"2022","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E009912","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.121.009912","article-title":"Identification of low-voltage areas: a unipolar, bipolar, and omnipolar perspective","volume":"14","author":"Van Schie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3081","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-022-02659-0","article-title":"Correlation between conduction velocity and frequency analysis in patients with atrial fibrillation using high-density charge mapping","volume":"60","author":"Dang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.06.1004","article-title":"B-PO05\u2013085 regional conduction velocity measurements: comparing contact and non-contact activation techniques","volume":"18","author":"Mickelsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.15170","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variability of rotational, focal, and irregular activity: practical implications for mapping of atrial fibrillation","volume":"32","author":"Pope","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-810493-4.00012-2","volume-title":"Statistical Shape and Deformation Analysis: Methods, Implementation and Applications","author":"Cates","year":"2017"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.37","article-title":"Demystifying rotors and their place in clinical translation of atrial fibrillation mechanisms","volume":"14","author":"Nattel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euad002","article-title":"Rotor mechanism and its mapping in atrial fibrillation","volume":"25","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"euad278","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euad278","article-title":"Differences in atrial substrate localization using LGE-MRI, electrogram voltage and conduction velocity\u2014a cohort study using a consistent anatomical reference frame in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"25","author":"Nairn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euac010","article-title":"Comparison of various late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging methods with high-definition voltage and activation mapping for detection of atrial cardiomyopathy","volume":"24","author":"Eichenlaub","year":"2022","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euz159","article-title":"Extent and spatial distribution of left atrial arrhythmogenic sites, late gadolinium enhancement at magnetic resonance imaging, and low-voltage areas in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: comparison of imaging vs. Electrical parameters of fibrosis and arrhythmogenesis","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2020.05.002","article-title":"Atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation in acquired forms of cardiovascular disease","volume":"1","author":"Jansen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm O2"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-022-02621-0","article-title":"Atrial conduction velocity mapping: clinical tools, algorithms and approaches for understanding the arrhythmogenic substrate","volume":"60","author":"Coveney","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2017.02.012","article-title":"Intra-atrial conduction delay revealed by multisite incremental atrial pacing is an independent marker of remodeling in human atrial fibrillation","volume":"3","author":"Williams","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euad246","article-title":"Functional mapping to reveal slow conduction and substrate progression in atrial fibrillation","volume":"25","author":"Silva Garcia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-023-01533-9","article-title":"Conduction velocity is reduced in the posterior wall of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with normal bipolar voltage undergoing ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"67","author":"Zahid","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2019.01.006","article-title":"Effects of atrial fibrosis induced by mitral regurgitation on atrial electrophysiology and susceptibility to atrial fibrillation in pigs","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/joa3.12661","article-title":"Characterization of persistent atrial fibrillation with non-contact charge density mapping and relationship to voltage","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Arrhythm"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-020-00926-4","article-title":"Substrate mapping of the left atrium in persistent atrial fibrillation: spatial correlation of localized complex conduction patterns in global charge-density maps to low-voltage areas in 3D contact bipolar voltage maps","volume":"62","author":"Chierchia","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00414","article-title":"Comparing reentrant drivers predicted by image-based computational modeling and mapped by electrocardiographic imaging in persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"9","author":"Boyle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2017.12.001","article-title":"The duration of the amplified Sinus-P-wave identifies presence of left atrial low voltage substrate and predicts outcome after pulmonary vein isolation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"4","author":"Jadidi","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2024.04.063","article-title":"Regional conduction velocities determined by non-invasive mapping are associated with arrhythmia-free survival after atrial fibrillation ablation","volume":"9","author":"Invers-Rubio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.16193","article-title":"Slow conduction velocity predicts atrial fibrillation recurrence after radiofrequency ablation","volume":"35","author":"Qi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14582","article-title":"Slow whole left atrial conduction velocity after pulmonary vein isolation predicts atrial fibrillation recurrence","volume":"31","author":"Kurata","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.15961","article-title":"Functional substrate mapping characteristics during sinus rhythm predicts critical isthmus of reentrant atrial tachycardia","volume":"34","author":"Yorgun","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000048140.31785.02","article-title":"Characterization of left atrial activation in the intact human heart","volume":"107","author":"Markides","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eur428","article-title":"Direction-dependent conduction abnormalities in the chronically stretched atria","volume":"14","author":"Wong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.001289","article-title":"Human atrial fibrillation initiates via organized rather than disorganized mechanisms","volume":"7","author":"Schricker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2018.07.019","article-title":"Structural remodeling and conduction velocity dynamics in the human left atrium: relationship with reentrant mechanisms sustaining atrial fibrillation","volume":"16","author":"Honarbakhsh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euac259","article-title":"Orientation of conduction velocity vectors on cardiac mapping surfaces","volume":"25","author":"Padilla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.15420\/aer.2019.08","article-title":"Challenges associated with interpreting mechanisms of AF","volume":"8","author":"Roney","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eupc.2005.05.011","article-title":"Of circles and spirals: bridging the gap between the leading circle and spiral wave concepts of cardiac reentry","volume":"7","author":"Comtois","year":"2005","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.111.300158","article-title":"Rotors and the dynamics of cardiac fibrillation","volume":"112","author":"Pandit","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2874","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14744","article-title":"Is the abnormal conduction zone of the left atrium a precursor to a low voltage area in patients with atrial fibrillation?","volume":"31","author":"Kishima","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000270302","article-title":"Heart musculature of the atria","volume":"27","author":"Papez","year":"1920","journal-title":"Am J Anat"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12907","article-title":"Spatial relation between left atrial anatomical contact areas and circular activation in persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"27","author":"Nakahara","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.014","article-title":"Electroanatomical remodeling of the atria in obesity: impact of adjacent epicardial fat","volume":"4","author":"Mahajan","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2824","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae373","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation burden: a new outcome predictor and therapeutic target","volume":"45","author":"Becher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025040906544862500_euaf048-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab254","article-title":"Critical appraisal of technologies to assess electrical activity during atrial fibrillation: a position paper from the European heart rhythm association and European Society of Cardiology Working Group on eCardiology in collaboration with the Heart Rhythm Society, Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society, Latin American Heart Rhythm Society and Computing in Cardiology","volume":"24","author":"Groot","year":"2022","journal-title":"Europace"}],"container-title":["Europace"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/europace\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/europace\/euaf048\/62383753\/euaf048.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/europace\/article-pdf\/27\/4\/euaf048\/62383753\/euaf048.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/europace\/article-pdf\/27\/4\/euaf048\/62383753\/euaf048.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T06:55:26Z","timestamp":1744181726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/europace\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/europace\/euaf048\/8071390"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/europace\/euaf048","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-5129","1532-2092"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1099-5129","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2092","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"article-number":"euaf048"}}