{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:43:47Z","timestamp":1792176227209,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":167,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The pharmacological provocation test is a pivotal tool in cardiac electrophysiology for the diagnosis of potential causes of sudden cardiac death, sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), arrhythmias, symptoms, or ECG abnormalities. The 2022 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for the Treatment of Ventricular Arrhythmias and Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death offered guidance on provocation testing but did not describe the indications and requirements in depth. This clinical consensus statement, led by the European Heart Rhythm Association and approved by major international stakeholders, aims to advise the general cardiologist and the arrhythmia expert who to test and when, where, and how to do it. The statement focuses on current practice for the diagnosis of subclinical arrhythmia syndromes and the causes of SCA, building upon the recommendations of the Guidelines. We address the sodium channel blocker provocation test for patients suspected of Brugada syndrome as well as the use of epinephrine, isoproterenol, adenosine, ergonovine, and acetylcholine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaf067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T02:38:12Z","timestamp":1743475092000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The diagnostic role of pharmacological provocation testing in cardiac electrophysiology: a clinical consensus statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association and the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) of the ESC, the ESC Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy, the Association of European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), the Paediatric &amp; Congenital Electrophysiology Society (PACES), the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8731-2853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elijah R","family":"Behr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular and Genomics Research Institute, School of Health and Medical Sciences, City St. George's, University of London , Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Cardiology Care Group, St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Mayo Clinic Healthcare , 15 Portland Place, London, W1B 1PT ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3063-4712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo Gregers","family":"Winkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart\u2014ERN GUARD-Heart"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9655-8708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bode","family":"Ensam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular and Genomics Research Institute, School of Health and Medical Sciences, City St. George's, University of London , Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Birmingham ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5967-4331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Alfie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrophysiology Section, Cardiology Division, Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas , Moron ,","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0424-6393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Arbelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart\u2014ERN GUARD-Heart"},{"name":"Arrhythmia Section, Cardiology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4547-8636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital , Glasgow ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6122-9939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Cerrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2248-3456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Conte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale , Lugano ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8739-6527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lia","family":"Crotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics , Milan ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Milano-Bicocca , Milan ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia M Gonzalez","family":"Corcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center , Montreal, QC ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8068-0189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Kaski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular and Genomics Research Institute, School of Health and Medical Sciences, City St. George's, University of London , Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE 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Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6877-0288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Priori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart\u2014ERN GUARD-Heart"},{"name":"Molecular Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri , Pavia ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia , Pavia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5492-8619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Probst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart\u2014ERN GUARD-Heart"},{"name":"Nantes Universit\u00e9, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax , Nantes 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