{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T07:07:06Z","timestamp":1794467226873,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":626,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Compendium of Anti-arrhythmic Drugs (AADs) offers advice on these drugs, focusing on their clinical use and the global impact of cardiac arrhythmias. This document aims to provide practical instructions to clinicians in arrhythmia management through pharmacological strategies. The compendium highlights persistent challenges in arrhythmia treatment, including clinical constraints, procedural risks, and the complexity of certain arrhythmias. Notably, atrial fibrillation is highly prevalent, and the demand for invasive treatment often surpasses the capacity of existing healthcare systems. As a result, pharmacological management remains essential. This is particularly relevant for patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices or channelopathies, where ablation is often not a suitable option. Anti-arrhythmic drugs play a pivotal role in these scenarios. The compendium introduces the ABC framework for AAD therapy: A (Appropriate therapy), for patients in whom AADs are the best therapeutic option; B (Backup therapy), as adjunctive treatment to invasive procedures, such as catheter ablation; and C (Complementary therapy), in combination with other therapies. The document provides detailed insights into the mechanisms of action, efficacy, safety profiles, and drug interactions of each class of AADs. Additionally, the compendium covers practical considerations, including initiation, combination strategies, monitoring, follow-up, special populations, and adverse effect management, with an emphasis on pro-arrhythmia risk mitigation. It also explores the integration of AADs with other therapeutic modalities, promoting a synergistic approach to optimize patient outcomes. In summary, this compendium serves as an indispensable resource for clinicians, offering practical advice and evidence-based insights to navigate the complexities of arrhythmia management effectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaf076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T16:32:14Z","timestamp":1743438734000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Practical compendium of antiarrhythmic drugs: a clinical consensus statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association of the European Society of Cardiology"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1737-1903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose L","family":"Merino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arrhythmia and Robotic Electrophysiology Unit, Cardiology Department, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPaz, Universidad Auton\u00f3ma , P. Castellana, 261, Madrid 28046 ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"University Hospital Quiron Ruber Juan Bravo , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"University Hospital Viamed Santa Elena , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7979-7758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Tamargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2806-3903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carina","family":"Blomstr\u00f6m-Lundqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University , \u00d6rebro , Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medical Science, Uppsala University , Uppsala ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9820-4815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Boriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena , Modena ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1073-5337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harry J G M","family":"Crijns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University , Maastricht ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4612-117X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dobromir","family":"Dobrev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology, University Duisburg-Essen , Essen ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Montr\u00e9al Heart Institute, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8223-7209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Goette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Vincenz-Hospital, Paderborn ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"MAESTRIA Consortium at AFNET, M\u00fcnster ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5030-3315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan H","family":"Hohnloser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Division of Clinical Electrophysiology J. W. Goethe University , Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt D 60590 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8196-4554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerald V","family":"Naccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine , Hershey, PA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5505-1866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James A","family":"Reiffel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3895-9316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob","family":"Tfelt-Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet , Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7870-9413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcel","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Cossiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arrhythmia and Robotic Electrophysiology Unit, Cardiology Department, La Paz University Hospital , Idipaz, Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2536-2871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A John","family":"Camm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cardiology, City St. George\u2019s, University of London , Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesus M","family":"Almendral Garrote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arrhythmia Unit, Cardiology Department (CIEC), Hospital HM Monteprincipe , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"\u015aredniawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Electrotherapy Medical University of Silesia, DMS in Zabrze , Katowice ,","place":["Poland"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Silesian Center of Heart Diseases , Zabrze ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Ku\u0142akowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital , Warsaw ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Savelieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, City St. George\u2019s University of London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Potpara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade , Belgrade ,","place":["Serbia"]},{"name":"Cardiology Clinic, University Clinical Centre of Serbia , Belgrade ,","place":["Serbia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bulent","family":"Gorenek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Eskisehir Osmangazi University , Eskisehir ,","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose L","family":"Zamorano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, CiberCV , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B1","first-page":"S2405-500X(24)01027-2","article-title":"Arrhythmia recurrence and rhythm control strategies after catheter ablation of newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (ARRC-AF study)","author":"Saksena","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.302226","article-title":"Cellular and molecular electrophysiology of atrial fibrillation initiation, maintenance, and progression","volume":"114","author":"Heijman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.310083","article-title":"Calcium signaling and cardiac arrhythmias","volume":"120","author":"Landstrom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.316363","article-title":"Molecular basis of atrial fibrillation pathophysiology and therapy: a translational perspective","volume":"127","author":"Nattel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2017.1353601","article-title":"Investigational antiarrhythmic agents: promising drugs in early clinical development","volume":"26","author":"Heijman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104274","article-title":"Antiarrhythmic mechanisms of beta blocker therapy","volume":"146","author":"Grandi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1999.tb00673.x","article-title":"The molecular and ionic specificity of antiarrhythmic drug actions","volume":"10","author":"Nattel","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1053\/eupc.2000.0114","article-title":"Rate dependence of the effect of antiarrhythmic drugs delaying cardiac repolarization: an overview","volume":"2","author":"Dorian","year":"2000","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(89)90030-2","article-title":"Beneficial effects of low dose amiodarone in patients with congestive cardiac failure: a placebo-controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Hamer","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.314050","article-title":"Predicting patient response to the antiarrhythmic mexiletine based on genetic variation","volume":"124","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2024-325242","article-title":"Improving antiarrhythmic therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation using common genetic variants","volume":"111","author":"Lemoine","year":"2025","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B12","first-page":"115","article-title":"Classification of antidysrhythmic drugs","volume":"1","author":"Vaughan Williams","year":"1975","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther B"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00036","article-title":"Enhanced late Na and Ca currents as effective antiarrhythmic drug targets","volume":"8","author":"Karagueuzian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199141050-00002","article-title":"Antiarrhythmic drug classifications. A critical appraisal of their history, present status, and clinical relevance","volume":"41","author":"Nattel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198836020-00001","article-title":"Recent advances in understanding the pharmacology of amiodarone","volume":"36","author":"Nattel","year":"1988","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.4137\/CMC.S8445","article-title":"Pleiotropic effects of antiarrhythmic agents: dronedarone in the treatment of atrial fibrillation","volume":"7","author":"Heijman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.77.2.392","article-title":"Treatment of torsade de pointes with magnesium sulfate","volume":"77","author":"Tzivoni","year":"1988","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.031","article-title":"The rationale for repurposing funny current inhibition for management of ventricular arrhythmia","volume":"18","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.84.4.1831","article-title":"The Sicilian gambit. A new approach to the classification of antiarrhythmic drugs based on their actions on arrhythmogenic mechanisms. Task force of the working group on arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"84","author":"Thomas Bigger","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/16.suppl_G.32","article-title":"Consequences of the Sicilian gambit","volume":"16 Suppl G","author":"Rosen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035455","article-title":"Modernized classification of cardiac antiarrhythmic drugs","volume":"138","author":"Lei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2023.02.012","article-title":"Ivabradine for controlling heart rate in permanent atrial fibrillation: a translational clinical trial","volume":"20","author":"Fontenla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.3390\/pediatric13040074","article-title":"Ivabradine-flecainide as breakthrough drug combination for congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia: a case report and literature review","volume":"13","author":"Di Marco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Rep"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.04.028","article-title":"Quinidine-A legacy within the modern era of antiarrhythmic therapy","volume":"144","author":"Vitali Serdoz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2016.03.009","article-title":"An evaluation of 30 clinical drugs against the comprehensive in vitro proarrhythmia assay (CiPA) proposed ion channel panel","volume":"81","author":"Crumb","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104444","article-title":"Maastricht Antiarrhythmic Drug Evaluator (MANTA): a computational tool for better understanding of antiarrhythmic drugs","volume":"148","author":"Sutanto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1978.03290060035008","article-title":"Interaction between quinidine and digoxin","volume":"240","author":"Leahey","year":"1978","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007143","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.118.007143","article-title":"Efficacy and limitations of quinidine in patients with Brugada syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Mazzanti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2008.02235.x","article-title":"Excellent long-term reproducibility of the electrophysiologic efficacy of quinidine in patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and Brugada syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Belhassen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.02.077","article-title":"Quinidine, a life-saving medication for Brugada syndrome, is inaccessible in many countries","volume":"61","author":"Viskin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.30.1.17","article-title":"Quinidine syncope. Paroxysmal ventricular fibrillation occurring during treatment of chronic atrial arrhythmias","volume":"30","author":"Selzer","year":"1964","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B32","first-page":"CD005049","article-title":"Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation","author":"Lafuente-Lafuente","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.33.665","article-title":"Mexiletine and disopyramide suppress ventricular premature contractions (VPC) irrespective of the relationship between the VPC and the underlying heart rate","volume":"33","author":"Saikawa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Jpn Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B34","first-page":"1095","volume-title":"Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside","author":"Darbar","year":"2013","edition":"6th ed"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-197803020-00001","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetics of procainamide","volume":"3","author":"Karlsson","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.4.325","article-title":"Pharmacological effects of antiarrhythmic drugs. Review and update","volume":"158","author":"Kowey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"euad091","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euad091","article-title":"Spotlight on the 2022 ESC guideline management of ventricular arrhythmias and prevention of sudden cardiac death: 10 novel key aspects","volume":"25","author":"K\u00f6nemann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"euad154","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euad154","article-title":"Beneficial effects of chronic mexiletine treatment in a human model of SCN5A overlap syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Nasilli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euac155","article-title":"Impact of anti-arrhythmic drugs and catheter ablation on the survival of patients with atrial fibrillation: a population study based on 199 433 new-onset atrial fibrillation patients in the UK","volume":"25","author":"Chung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"euae121","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae121","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of long-term sodium channel blocker therapy for early rhythm control: the EAST-AFNET 4 trial","volume":"26","author":"Rillig","year":"2024","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"euae012","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae012","article-title":"Current management of atrial fibrillation in routine practice according to the last ESC guidelines: an EHRA physician survey-how are we dealing with controversial approaches?","volume":"26","author":"Guerra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"euae298","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae298","article-title":"Spotlight on the 2024 ESC\/EACTS management of atrial fibrillation guidelines: 10 novel key aspects","volume":"26","author":"Rienstra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"euad162","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euad162","article-title":"Real-world utilization of the pill-in-the-pocket method for terminating episodes of atrial fibrillation: data from the multinational Antiarrhythmic Interventions for Managing Atrial Fibrillation (AIM-AF) survey","volume":"25","author":"Reiffel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz467","article-title":"2019 ESC guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia. The task force for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"41","author":"Brugada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3997","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac262","article-title":"2022 ESC guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death","volume":"43","author":"Zeppenfeld","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474X.2005.00077.x","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of flecainide in subjects with Long QT-3 syndrome (DeltaKPQ mutation): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Moss","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004370","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.116.004370","article-title":"Ranolazine for congenital long-QT syndrome type III: experimental and long-term clinical data","volume":"9","author":"Chorin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1942","article-title":"Flecainide prevents catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in mice and humans","volume":"15","author":"Watanabe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.110.959916","article-title":"Inhibition of cardiac Ca2+ release channels (RyR2) determines efficacy of class I antiarrhythmic drugs in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia","volume":"4","author":"Hwang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.01.026","article-title":"Flecainide therapy reduces exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias in patients with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia","volume":"57","author":"van der Werf","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.1320","article-title":"Efficacy of flecainide in the treatment of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"2","author":"Kannankeril","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199103213241201","article-title":"Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial","volume":"324","author":"Echt","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109F","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)90973-G","article-title":"Preliminary results of the Cardiac Arrest Study Hamburg (CASH). CASH Investigators","volume":"72","author":"Siebels","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1007\/s12012-016-9380-0","article-title":"Flecainide toxicity: a case report and systematic review of its electrocardiographic patterns and management","volume":"17","author":"Valentino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Toxicol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(91)90586-X","article-title":"Proarrhythmia, cardiac arrest and death in young patients receiving encainide and flecainide. The Pediatric Electrophysiology Group","volume":"18","author":"Fish","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B56","first-page":"4069","article-title":"Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and flecainide toxicity: a case report and brief literature review","volume":"25","author":"Moretti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199243050-00008","article-title":"Cibenzoline. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential in arrhythmias","volume":"43","author":"Harron","year":"1992","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1253\/jcj.63.1","article-title":"Profiles of aprindine, cibenzoline, pilsicainide and pirmenol in the framework of the Sicilian Gambit. The Guideline Committee for Clinical Use of Antiarrhythmic Drugs in Japan (working group of arrhythmias of the Japanese Society of Electrocardiology)","volume":"63","author":"Kodama","year":"1999","journal-title":"Jpn Circ J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-66-0092","article-title":"Guidelines for pharmacotherapy of atrial fibrillation (JCS 2013)","volume":"78","author":"JCS Joint Working Group","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.5105\/jse.26.710","article-title":"Pill-in-the-pocket approach for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation by cibenzoline succinate","volume":"26","author":"Shimada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Jpn J Electrocardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(96)00401-8","article-title":"Conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation by a single oral dose of pilsicainide (Pilsicainide Suppression Trial on atrial fibrillation). The PSTAF Investigators","volume":"78","author":"Atarashi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200666160-00003","article-title":"Pilsicainide for atrial fibrillation","volume":"66","author":"Kumagai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.2165\/11204960-000000000-00000","article-title":"Pilsicainide","volume":"70","author":"Plosker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-018-6787-9","article-title":"Effect of antazoline on electrophysiological properties of atrial muscle and conduction system of the heart","volume":"32","author":"Bi\u0144kowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12441","DOI":"10.1111\/anec.12441","article-title":"Antazoline-insights into drug-induced electrocardiographic and hemodynamic effects: results of the ELEPHANT II substudy","volume":"22","author":"Piotrowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(62)90075-9","article-title":"Evaluation of the antiarrhythmic properties of antazoline. A preliminary study","volume":"9","author":"Kline","year":"1962","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e010153","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.010153","article-title":"Pharmacological cardioversion with antazoline in atrial fibrillation: the results of the CANT Study","volume":"7","author":"Wybraniec","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.20452\/pamw.3452","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness and safety of antazoline-based and propafenone-based strategies for pharmacological cardioversion of short-duration atrial fibrillation in the emergency department","volume":"126","author":"Farkowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pol Arch Med Wewn"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13940","article-title":"Intravenous antazoline, a first-generation antihistaminic drug with antiarrhythmic properties, is a suitable agent for pharmacological cardioversion of atrial fibrillation induced during pulmonary vein isolation due to the lack of influence on atrio-venous conduction and high clinical effectiveness (AntaEP Study)","volume":"85","author":"Farkowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euw384","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of antazoline in the rapid cardioversion of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (the AnPAF Study)","volume":"19","author":"Maciag","year":"2017","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advms.2015.03.002","article-title":"Antazoline for termination of atrial fibrillation during the procedure of pulmonary veins isolation","volume":"60","author":"Balsam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Med Sci"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(64)90035-9","article-title":"A clinical trial of antazoline in the treatment of arrhythmias","volume":"14","author":"Reynolds","year":"1964","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2011.03.045","article-title":"Electrophysiologic basis for the antiarrhythmic actions of ranolazine","volume":"8","author":"Antzelevitch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.10.008","article-title":"Role of ranolazine in the prevention and treatment of atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"14","author":"Gong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.11.103","article-title":"Ranolazine for rhythm control in atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"227","author":"Guerra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.115.002856","article-title":"The HARMONY trial: combined ranolazine and dronedarone in the management of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: mechanistic and therapeutic synergism","volume":"8","author":"Reiffel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.724880","article-title":"Effect of ranolazine, an antianginal agent with novel electrophysiological properties, on the incidence of arrhythmias in patients with non ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: results from the Metabolic Efficiency With Ranolazine for Less Ischemia in Non ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 36 (MERLIN-TIMI 36) randomized controlled trial","volume":"116","author":"Scirica","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euu217","article-title":"Effect of ranolazine on atrial fibrillation in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes: observations from the MERLIN-TIMI 36 trial","volume":"17","author":"Scirica","year":"2015","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2008.01246.x","article-title":"Ranolazine shortens repolarization in patients with sustained inward sodium current due to type-3 long-QT syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Moss","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvp213","article-title":"Reverse rate dependency is an intrinsic property of canine cardiac preparations","volume":"84","author":"B\u00e1ny\u00e1sz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.894725","article-title":"Drug-induced arrhythmia","volume":"122","author":"Heist","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104521","article-title":"The role of amiodarone in contemporary management of complex cardiac arrhythmias","volume":"151","author":"Mujovi\u0107","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-006-0074-2","article-title":"Amiodarone: a multifaceted antiarrhythmic drug","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1053\/eupc.2000.0099","article-title":"Effects of intravenous amiodarone on ventricular refractoriness, intraventricular conduction, and ventricular tachycardia induction","volume":"2","author":"Ku\u0142akowski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s40256-020-00401-5","article-title":"Amiodarone: a comprehensive guide for clinicians","volume":"20","author":"Hamilton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Cardiovasc Drugs"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)09145-3","article-title":"Randomised trial of effect of amiodarone on mortality in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction after recent myocardial infarction: EMIAT. European Myocardial Infarct Amiodarone Trial Investigators","volume":"349","author":"Julian","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.019927","article-title":"Antiarrhythmic drug therapy for atrial fibrillation","volume":"125","author":"Zimetbaum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(84)80327-7","article-title":"Amiodarone-digoxin interaction: clinical significance, time course of development, potential pharmacokinetic mechanisms and therapeutic implications","volume":"4","author":"Nademanee","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2020-0234","article-title":"Different effects of amiodarone and dofetilide on the dispersion of repolarization between well-coupled ventricular and Purkinje fibers 1","volume":"99","author":"\u00c1rp\u00e1dffy-Lovas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1514204","article-title":"Amiodarone, lidocaine, or placebo in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"374","author":"Kudenchuk","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.2.165","article-title":"Comparison of beta-blockers, amiodarone plus beta-blockers, or sotalol for prevention of shocks from implantable cardioverter defibrillators: the OPTIC study: a randomized trial","volume":"295","author":"Connolly","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3314","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae176","article-title":"2024 ESC guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)","volume":"45","author":"Van Gelder","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"euae150","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae150","article-title":"In silico trials guide optimal stratification of atrial fibrillation patients to catheter ablation and pharmacological medication: the i-STRATIFICATION study","volume":"26","author":"Das\u00ed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.044109","article-title":"Trends in antiarrhythmic drug use among patients in the United States between 2004 and 2016","volume":"141","author":"Markman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008961","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.120.008961","article-title":"Guideline-concordant antiarrhythmic drug use in the get with the guidelines-atrial fibrillation registry","volume":"14","author":"Field","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eut204","article-title":"Inappropriate use of antiarrhythmic drugs in paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation in a large contemporary international survey: insights from RealiseAF","volume":"15","author":"Chiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054686","article-title":"Dronedarone for maintenance of sinus rhythm in atrial fibrillation or flutter","volume":"357","author":"Singh","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0803778","article-title":"Effect of dronedarone on cardiovascular events in atrial fibrillation","volume":"360","author":"Hohnloser","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euad023","article-title":"Effect of dronedarone vs. placebo on atrial fibrillation progression: a post hoc analysis from ATHENA trial","volume":"25","author":"Blomstr\u00f6m-Lundqvist","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab208","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of dronedarone across age and sex subgroups: a post hoc analysis of the ATHENA study among patients with non-permanent atrial fibrillation\/flutter","volume":"24","author":"Curtis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2487","article-title":"Dronedarone for the treatment of atrial fibrillation with concomitant heart failure with preserved and mildly reduced ejection fraction: a post-hoc analysis of the ATHENA trial","volume":"24","author":"Vaduganathan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab262","article-title":"International cohort study on the effectiveness of dronedarone and other antiarrhythmic drugs for atrial fibrillation in real-world practice (EFFECT-AF)","volume":"24","author":"Khachatryan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2678","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0800456","article-title":"Increased mortality after dronedarone therapy for severe heart failure","volume":"358","author":"K\u00f8ber","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1109867","article-title":"Dronedarone in high-risk permanent atrial fibrillation","volume":"365","author":"Connolly","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.114.002046","article-title":"Interaction between digoxin and dronedarone in the PALLAS trial","volume":"7","author":"Hohnloser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.6.1517","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of d-sotalol, a pure class III antiarrhythmic compound, in patients with symptomatic complex ventricular ectopy. Results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-finding study. The d-Sotalol PVC Study Group","volume":"92","author":"Hohnloser","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2016.02.007","article-title":"Sotalol","volume":"8","author":"Kpaeyeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Card Electrophysiol Clin"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-34893-9_3","volume-title":"Antiarrhythmic Drugs","author":"Tamargo","year":"2020","edition":"1st ed"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)90511-A","article-title":"Propafenone versus sotalol for suppression of recurrent symptomatic atrial fibrillation","volume":"71","author":"Reimold","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(97)70186-8","article-title":"Multicenter comparative study of the efficacy and safety of sotalol in the prophylactic treatment of patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias","volume":"133","author":"Wanless","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041705","article-title":"Amiodarone versus sotalol for atrial fibrillation","volume":"352","author":"Singh","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezx039","article-title":"Postoperative atrial fibrillation following cardiac surgery: a persistent complication","volume":"52","author":"Greenberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8651(03)00111-5","article-title":"Pharmacological rate control of atrial fibrillation","volume":"22","author":"Tamariz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cardiol Clin"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(91)90200-5","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of sotalol in digitalized patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. The Sotalol Study Group","volume":"68","author":"Singh","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91048-0","article-title":"Double-blind trial of lignocaine versus sotalol for acute termination of spontaneous sustained ventricular tachycardia","volume":"344","author":"Ho","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199308123290702","article-title":"A comparison of seven antiarrhythmic drugs in patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Electrophysiologic Study versus Electrocardiographic Monitoring Investigators","volume":"329","author":"Mason","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2002.01571.x","article-title":"Efficacy of metoprolol and sotalol in the prevention of recurrences of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator","volume":"25","author":"Kettering","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00521-X","article-title":"Suppression of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias: a comparison of d,l-sotalol with no antiarrhythmic drug treatment","volume":"33","author":"K\u00fchlkamp","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199906173402402","article-title":"Prevention of implantable-defibrillator shocks by treatment with sotalol. d,l-Sotalol Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Study Group","volume":"340","author":"Pacifico","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)92225-5","article-title":"Controlled trial of sotalol for one year after myocardial infarction","volume":"1","author":"Julian","year":"1982","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B121","first-page":"CD005049","article-title":"Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation","volume":"9","author":"Valembois","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.03.038","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients with short QT syndrome","volume":"58","author":"Giustetto","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.618421","article-title":"Effect of amiodarone and sotalol on ventricular defibrillation threshold: the optimal pharmacological therapy in cardioverter defibrillator patients (OPTIC) trial","volume":"114","author":"Hohnloser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12586","article-title":"Risk prediction for adverse events during initiation of sotalol and dofetilide for the treatment of atrial fibrillation","volume":"38","author":"Agusala","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.04.018","article-title":"Factors predisposing to ventricular proarrhythmia during antiarrhythmic drug therapy for atrial fibrillation in patients with structurally normal heart","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B126","first-page":"177","article-title":"Risks of initiating therapy with sotalol for treatment of atrial fibrillation","volume":"32","author":"Marcus","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.21.2665","article-title":"Cardiovascular drugs. Dofetilide","volume":"102","author":"Mounsey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.117.246157","article-title":"Inhibition of the \u03b1-subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in heart increases late sodium current and is arrhythmogenic","volume":"365","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1586\/14779072.5.1.9","article-title":"Dofetilide: a new class III antiarrhythmic agent","volume":"5","author":"Roukoz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001193","article-title":"2023 ACC\/AHA\/ACCP\/HRS guideline for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"149","author":"Joglar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060402","article-title":"Atrial flutter can be terminated by a class III antiarrhythmic drug but not by a class IC drug","volume":"15","author":"Crijns","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.104.3.292","article-title":"Efficacy of dofetilide in the treatment of atrial fibrillation-flutter in patients with reduced left ventricular function: a Danish investigations of arrhythmia and mortality on dofetilide (diamond) substudy","volume":"104","author":"Pedersen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(96)00506-2","article-title":"Intravenous dofetilide, a class III antiarrhythmic agent, for the termination of sustained atrial fibrillation or flutter. Intravenous Dofetilide Investigators","volume":"29","author":"Falk","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eup293","article-title":"Dofetilide is safe and effective in preventing atrial fibrillation recurrences in patients accepted for catheter ablation","volume":"11","author":"Shamiss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.19.2385","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of oral dofetilide in converting to and maintaining sinus rhythm in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter: the symptomatic atrial fibrillation investigative research on dofetilide (SAFIRE-D) study","volume":"102","author":"Singh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03402-4","article-title":"Effect of dofetilide in patients with recent myocardial infarction and left-ventricular dysfunction: a randomised trial","volume":"356","author":"K\u00f8ber","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.5.493","article-title":"Ibutilide","volume":"97","author":"Murray","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2011.01.080096","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of ibutilide in cardioversion of atrial flutter and fibrillation","volume":"24","author":"Nair","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15D","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(02)03375-1","article-title":"Old and new antiarrhythmic drugs for converting and maintaining sinus rhythm in atrial fibrillation: comparative efficacy and results of trials","volume":"91","author":"Naccarelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00078-3","article-title":"Conversion efficacy and safety of intravenous ibutilide compared with intravenous procainamide in patients with atrial flutter or fibrillation","volume":"31","author":"Volgman","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000053555.78624.0F","article-title":"Ibutilide versus amiodarone in atrial fibrillation: a double-blinded, randomized study","volume":"31","author":"Bernard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.7.1613","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of repeated intravenous doses of ibutilide for rapid conversion of atrial flutter or fibrillation. Ibutilide Repeat Dose Study Investigators","volume":"94","author":"Stambler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4298","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.12.4298","article-title":"Antiarrhythmic actions of intravenous ibutilide compared with procainamide during human atrial flutter and fibrillation: electrophysiological determinants of enhanced conversion efficacy","volume":"96","author":"Stambler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(96)00121-0","article-title":"Efficacy of intravenous ibutilide for rapid termination of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter: a dose-response study","volume":"28","author":"Ellenbogen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(96)00565-6","article-title":"Efficacy of ibutilide for termination of atrial fibrillation and flutter","volume":"78","author":"Ellenbogen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.79.6.568","article-title":"Superiority of ibutilide (a new class III agent) over DL-sotalol in converting atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. The Ibutilide\/Sotalol Comparator Study Group","volume":"79","author":"Vos","year":"1998","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.4.369","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ibutilide fumarate for the conversion of atrial arrhythmias after cardiac surgery","volume":"100","author":"VanderLugt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199906173402401","article-title":"Facilitating transthoracic cardioversion of atrial fibrillation with ibutilide pretreatment","volume":"340","author":"Oral","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2006.00353.x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ibutilide for the conversion of monomorphic atrial tachycardia","volume":"29","author":"Eidher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4101.097538","article-title":"Electrophysiological effects of ibutilide in patients with accessory pathways","volume":"104","author":"Glatter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2006.00752.x","article-title":"Ibutilide-induced cardioversion of atrial fibrillation during pregnancy","volume":"18","author":"Kockova","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2007.00664.x","article-title":"Successful termination of atrial flutter by ibutilide during pregnancy","volume":"30","author":"Burkart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(96)00566-8","article-title":"Safety and risk\/benefit analysis of ibutilide for acute conversion of atrial fibrillation\/flutter","volume":"78","author":"Kowey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.2217\/fca-2020-0039","article-title":"Vernakalant hydrochloride for the treatment of atrial fibrillation: evaluation of its place in clinical practice","volume":"16","author":"Ritchie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Future Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-34893-9_6","volume-title":"Antiarrhythmic Drugs","author":"Tamargo","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eut274","article-title":"Pharmacological cardioversion of atrial fibrillation with vernakalant: evidence in support of the ESC Guidelines","volume":"16","author":"Savelieva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.07.046","article-title":"A randomized active-controlled study comparing the efficacy and safety of vernakalant to amiodarone in recent-onset atrial fibrillation","volume":"57","author":"Camm","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12508","DOI":"10.1111\/anec.12508","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of intravenous vernakalant for the rapid conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Akel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B159","first-page":"CD003611","article-title":"Interventions for preventing post-operative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing heart surgery","volume":"2013","author":"Arsenault","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euv194","article-title":"Vernakalant-facilitated electrical cardioversion: comparison of intravenous vernakalant and amiodarone for drug-enhanced electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation after failed electrical cardioversion","volume":"18","author":"M\u00fcssigbrodt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.02.006","article-title":"Flecainide versus vernakalant for conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation","volume":"168","author":"Conde","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B162","first-page":"114","article-title":"Intravenous vernakalant in comparison with intravenous flecainide in the cardioversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation","volume":"8","author":"Pohjant\u00e4hti-Maaroos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.15420\/aer.2018.71.2","article-title":"Introducing vernakalant into clinical practice","volume":"8","author":"Hall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200464170-00012","article-title":"Nicorandil: a review of its use in the management of stable angina pectoris, including high-risk patients","volume":"64","author":"Simpson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00552-5","article-title":"Nicorandil, a potent cardioprotective agent, acts by opening mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channels","volume":"35","author":"Sato","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00003.2015","article-title":"KATP channels in the cardiovascular system","volume":"96","author":"Foster","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B167","first-page":"625","article-title":"Intravenous nicorandil can reduce the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation and QT dispersion in patients with successful coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction","volume":"20","author":"Ueda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-021-02301-1","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of nicorandil administration in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"21","author":"Geng","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2001.114369","article-title":"Nicorandil, a potent cardioprotective agent, reduces QT dispersion during coronary angioplasty","volume":"141","author":"Kato","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.16.1581","article-title":"Improvement of repolarization abnormalities by a K+ channel opener in the LQT1 form of congenital long-QT syndrome","volume":"97","author":"Shimizu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1995.tb00400.x","article-title":"Early afterdepolarization abolished by potassium channel opener in a patient with idiopathic long QT syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Sato","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-031720-085307","article-title":"Dynamics of atrial fibrillation mechanisms and comorbidities","volume":"83","author":"Heijman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14425","article-title":"Targeting the \u03b2-adrenergic receptor in the clinical management of congenital long QT syndrome","volume":"1474","author":"Saadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18801","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75903-y","article-title":"Adrenergic supersensitivity and impaired neural control of cardiac electrophysiology following regional cardiac sympathetic nerve loss","volume":"10","author":"Tapa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61373-8","article-title":"Efficacy of \u03b2 blockers in patients with heart failure plus atrial fibrillation: an individual-patient data meta-analysis","volume":"384","author":"Kotecha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B176","first-page":"539","article-title":"Switching between \u03b2-blockers: an empiric tool for the cardiovascular practitioner","volume":"35","author":"Roston","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.09.012","article-title":"Beta-blocker therapy for long QT syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: are all beta-blockers equivalent?","volume":"14","author":"Ackerman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.02.056","article-title":"Propranolol versus metoprolol for treatment of electrical storm in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator","volume":"71","author":"Chatzidou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0122726","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122726","article-title":"Effects of verapamil SR and atenolol on 24-hour blood pressure and heart rate in hypertension patients with coronary artery disease: an international verapamil SR-trandolapril ambulatory monitoring substudy","volume":"10","author":"Denardo","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-015-0435-5","article-title":"A review of nebivolol pharmacology and clinical evidence","volume":"75","author":"Fongemie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.2165\/11208210-000000000-00000","article-title":"Esmolol: a review of its use in the short-term treatment of tachyarrhythmias and the short-term control of tachycardia and hypertension","volume":"72","author":"Garnock-Jones","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-018-0883-9","article-title":"Landiolol: a review in tachyarrhythmias","volume":"78","author":"Syed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.01.024","article-title":"Cellular and ionic mechanisms underlying the effects of cilostazol, milrinone, and isoproterenol to suppress arrhythmogenesis in an experimental model of early repolarization syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Patocskai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(82)90037-6","article-title":"Bedside evaluation of atrioventricular block with narrow QRS complexes: usefulness of carotid sinus massage and atropine administration","volume":"49","author":"Mangiardi","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9572(99)00032-5","article-title":"The efficacy of atropine in the treatment of hemodynamically unstable bradycardia and atrioventricular block: prehospital and emergency department considerations","volume":"41","author":"Brady","year":"1999","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-6757(99)90151-1","article-title":"Acute myocardial infarction complicated by hemodynamically unstable bradyarrhythmia: prehospital and ED treatment with atropine","volume":"17","author":"Swart","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(84)80315-0","article-title":"Early and late atrioventricular block in acute inferior myocardial infarction","volume":"4","author":"Feigl","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2006.08.006","article-title":"Compromising bradycardia: management in the emergency department","volume":"73","author":"Sodeck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B189","first-page":"e382","article-title":"2018 ACC\/AHA\/HRS guideline on the evaluation and management of patients with bradycardia and cardiac conduction delay: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society","volume":"140","author":"Kusumoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.52.4.627","article-title":"Use of atropine in patients with acute myocardial infarction and sinus bradycardia","volume":"52","author":"Scheinman","year":"1975","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.15420\/aer.2016:34:2","article-title":"Electrophysiological testing for the investigation of bradycardias","volume":"6","author":"Katritsis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000122416.70287.D9","article-title":"Atropine often results in complete atrioventricular block or sinus arrest after cardiac transplantation: an unpredictable and dose-independent phenomenon","volume":"77","author":"Bernheim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.5.3.453","article-title":"The safety of digoxin as a pharmacological treatment of atrial fibrillation","volume":"5","author":"Tamargo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.07.020","article-title":"Carvedilol alone or in combination with digoxin for the management of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure?","volume":"42","author":"Khand","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00561-0","article-title":"Ventricular rate control in chronic atrial fibrillation during daily activity and programmed exercise: a crossover open-label study of five drug regimens","volume":"33","author":"Farshi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-139-12-200312160-00012","article-title":"Management of atrial fibrillation: review of the evidence for the role of pharmacologic therapy, electrical cardioversion, and echocardiography","volume":"139","author":"McNamara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.56.2.260","article-title":"Digitalis in the pre-excitation syndrome. Analysis during atrial fibrillation","volume":"56","author":"Sellers","year":"1977","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2014.02.009","article-title":"Adenosine: physiology, pharmacology, and clinical applications","volume":"7","author":"Layland","year":"2014","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006953","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.118.006953","article-title":"Supraventricular tachycardia: mechanistic insights deduced from adenosine","volume":"11","author":"Lerman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1996.tb03467.x","article-title":"Treatment of out-of-hospital supraventricular tachycardia: adenosine vs verapamil","volume":"3","author":"Brady","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.8.1034","article-title":"Electrophysiologic effects of adenosine in patients with supraventricular tachycardia","volume":"99","author":"Glatter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1097\/MEJ.0b013e3283400ba2","article-title":"The relative efficacy of adenosine versus verapamil for the treatment of stable paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in adults: a meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Delaney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.08.856","article-title":"2015 ACC\/AHA\/HRS guideline for the management of adult patients with supraventricular tachycardia: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society","volume":"67","author":"Page","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1995.tb02520.x","article-title":"Adenosine-sensitive atrial tachycardia","volume":"18","author":"Kall","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1999.tb00705.x","article-title":"Differential effects of adenosine on focal and macroreentrant atrial tachycardia","volume":"10","author":"Markowitz","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.000480","article-title":"Adenosine-induced atrial fibrillation: insights into mechanism","volume":"6","author":"Ip","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.021165","article-title":"Adenosine-induced atrial fibrillation: localized reentrant drivers in lateral right atria due to heterogeneous expression of adenosine A1 receptors and GIRK4 subunits in the Human Heart","volume":"134","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.84.5.1962","article-title":"Effects of intravenous adenosine on antegrade refractoriness of accessory atrioventricular connections","volume":"84","author":"Garratt","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248414530508","article-title":"Calcium channel blockers in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy","volume":"19","author":"Godfraind","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199911043411907","article-title":"Calcium-antagonist drugs","volume":"341","author":"Abernethy","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2165\/00129784-200505060-00003","article-title":"Pharmacological management of atrial fibrillation following cardiac surgery","volume":"5","author":"Hilleman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Cardiovasc Drugs"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)90196-6","article-title":"Acute conversion of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia with intravenous diltiazem. IV Diltiazem Study Group","volume":"70","author":"Dougherty","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12091","article-title":"Safety and efficiency of calcium channel blockers versus beta-blockers for rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation and no acute underlying medical illness","volume":"20","author":"Scheuermeyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(97)70319-6","article-title":"Emergency management of atrial fibrillation and flutter: intravenous diltiazem versus intravenous digoxin","volume":"29","author":"Schreck","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B215","first-page":"47","article-title":"The evidence regarding the drugs used for ventricular rate control","volume":"49","author":"Segal","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181a02f56","article-title":"Intravenous diltiazem is superior to intravenous amiodarone or digoxin for achieving ventricular rate control in patients with acute uncomplicated atrial fibrillation","volume":"37","author":"Siu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(98)70031-6","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind comparison of intravenous diltiazem and digoxin for atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery","volume":"135","author":"Tisdale","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht429","article-title":"Calcium channel blockers improve exercise capacity and reduce N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels compared with beta-blockers in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation","volume":"35","author":"Ulimoen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(91)90743-S","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of continuous intravenous diltiazem infusion for 24-hour heart rate control during atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter: a multicenter study","volume":"18","author":"Ellenbogen","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90141-0","article-title":"Esmolol versus verapamil in the acute treatment of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter","volume":"63","author":"Platia","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90076-3","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of intravenous diltiazem for treatment of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. The Diltiazem-Atrial Fibrillation\/Flutter Study Group","volume":"63","author":"Salerno","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.91.1.68","article-title":"Verapamil in multifocal atrial tachycardia. Hemodynamic and respiratory changes","volume":"91","author":"Hazard","year":"1987","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-5-623","article-title":"Intravenous verapamil for treatment of multifocal atrial tachycardia with and without calcium pretreatment","volume":"107","author":"Salerno","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198501033120105","article-title":"Treatment of multifocal atrial tachycardia with verapamil","volume":"312","author":"Levine","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80525-6","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of intravenous diltiazem in atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter","volume":"75","author":"Ellenbogen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(96)00604-2","article-title":"Control of heart rate during transition from intravenous to oral diltiazem in atrial fibrillation or flutter","volume":"78","author":"Blackshear","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.62.5.996","article-title":"Effects of intravenous and chronic oral verapamil administration in patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias","volume":"62","author":"Rinkenberger","year":"1980","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(84)80162-9","article-title":"Long-term therapy of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: a randomized, double-blind comparison of digoxin, propranolol and verapamil","volume":"54","author":"Winniford","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-96-4-409","article-title":"Oral verapamil for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: a long-term, double-blind randomized trial","volume":"96","author":"Mauritson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(83)90487-8","article-title":"Acute and chronic effects of verapamil in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia","volume":"105","author":"Sakurai","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.71.1.104","article-title":"Termination of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia with a single oral dose of diltiazem and propranolol","volume":"71","author":"Yeh","year":"1985","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00780-4","article-title":"Demonstration of diastolic and presystolic Purkinje potentials as critical potentials in a macroreentry circuit of verapamil-sensitive idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia","volume":"36","author":"Nogami","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.46.6.679","article-title":"Response of recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia to verapamil","volume":"46","author":"Belhassen","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01117-2","article-title":"Effects of verapamil and lidocaine on two components of the re-entry circuit of verapamil-senstitive idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia","volume":"37","author":"Tsuchiya","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.1.206","article-title":"Short-coupled variant of torsade de pointes. A new electrocardiographic entity in the spectrum of idiopathic ventricular tachyarrhythmias","volume":"89","author":"Leenhardt","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80654-7","article-title":"Sudden cardiac death and polymorphous ventricular tachycardia in patients with normal QT intervals and normal systolic cardiac function","volume":"75","author":"Eisenberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(92)90807-8","article-title":"Adenosine versus verapamil in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia: a randomized double-crossover trial","volume":"123","author":"Hood","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2009.01.017","article-title":"Slow infusion of calcium channel blockers compared with intravenous adenosine in the emergency treatment of supraventricular tachycardia","volume":"80","author":"Lim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2017.10.003","article-title":"Alternative treatment options for atrioventricular-nodal-reentry tachycardia: an emergency medicine review","volume":"54","author":"Brubaker","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.65.2.348","article-title":"Acceleration of the ventricular response during atrial fibrillation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome after verapamil","volume":"65","author":"Gulamhusein","year":"1982","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2008.01086.x","article-title":"Precipitation of ventricular fibrillation by intravenous diltiazem and metoprolol in a young patient with occult Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(87)90857-5","article-title":"Hazards of intravenous verapamil for sustained ventricular tachycardia","volume":"59","author":"Buxton","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)90363-0","article-title":"Misdiagnosis of chronic recurrent ventricular tachycardia","volume":"2","author":"Dancy","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11D","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)90953-V","article-title":"Pharmacology of bepridil","volume":"69","author":"Gill","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a061537","article-title":"Electrophysiological profile of bepridil, a new anti-anginal drug with calcium blocking properties","volume":"4","author":"Flammang","year":"1983","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(03)00672-6","article-title":"Usefulness and safety of bepridil in converting persistent atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm","volume":"92","author":"Fujiki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.69.44","article-title":"Conversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm by bepridil in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"69","author":"Nakazato","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2012-302017","article-title":"Effectiveness of amiodarone versus bepridil in achieving conversion to sinus rhythm in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: a randomised trial","volume":"98","author":"Yamase","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-10-1084","article-title":"Clinical outcome in patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation receiving bepridil","volume":"75","author":"Shiga","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2015.09.012","article-title":"Impact of postprocedural antiarrhythmic drug therapy with bepridil on maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"68","author":"Kondo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.05.028","article-title":"Antiarrhythmic medication is superior to catheter ablation in suppressing supraventricular ectopic complexes in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"244","author":"Alhede","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1069980","article-title":"[Propafenon and propranolol in the management of cardiac extrasystoles (author\u2019s transl)]","volume":"107","author":"Beck","year":"1982","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eux373","article-title":"Antiarrhythmic drugs-clinical use and clinical decision making: a consensus document from the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) working group on cardiovascular pharmacology, endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS) and International Society of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy (ISCP)","volume":"20","author":"Dan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B254","first-page":"602","article-title":"Catheter ablation vs. antiarrhythmic drug therapy in patients with symptomatic atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Katritsis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.18.1879","article-title":"Initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating from the pulmonary veins: electrophysiological characteristics, pharmacological responses, and effects of radiofrequency ablation","volume":"100","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89A","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)89123-0","article-title":"A randomized comparison of flecainide versus verapamil in paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. The Flecainide Multicenter Investigators Group","volume":"77","author":"Dorian","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2010.01860.x","article-title":"Reversal of tachycardiomyopathy due to left atrial tachycardia by ivabradine","volume":"22","author":"Bohora","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12636","article-title":"A case of atrial tachycardia treated with ivabradine as bridge to ablation","volume":"26","author":"Meles","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(90)90251-J","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of amiodarone therapy in the young: continued efficacy, unimpaired growth, moderate side effects","volume":"15","author":"Guccione","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060075","article-title":"Atrial automatic tachycardia in infancy and childhood","volume":"13","author":"von Bernuth","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248413478172","article-title":"Ivabradine in combination with metoprolol succinate in the treatment of inappropriate sinus tachycardia","volume":"18","author":"Ptaszynski","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euy128","article-title":"Inappropriate sinus tachycardia","volume":"21","author":"Olshansky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaa057","article-title":"Cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter revisited: current evidence and practical guidance for a common procedure","volume":"22","author":"Brandes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66A","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)89120-5","article-title":"Comparison of the safety and efficacy of flecainide versus propafenone in hospital out-patients with symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation\/flutter. The Flecainide AF French Study Group","volume":"77","author":"Aliot","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(91)90707-R","article-title":"Prediction of uneventful cardioversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm from direct-current electrical cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation and flutter","volume":"68","author":"Van Gelder","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(91)90527-R","article-title":"Usefulness of flecainide for prevention of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and flutter. Danish-Norwegian Flecainide Multicenter Study Group","volume":"67","author":"Pietersen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00275-1","article-title":"Maintenance of sinus rhythm with oral d,l-sotalol therapy in patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation and\/or atrial flutter. d,l-Sotalol Atrial Fibrillation\/Flutter Study Group","volume":"84","author":"Benditt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.77.1.56","article-title":"Long-term outcome of electrical cardioversion in patients with chronic atrial flutter","volume":"77","author":"Crijns","year":"1997","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.638395","article-title":"Results from the Loire-Ard\u00e8che-Dr\u00f4me-Is\u00e8re-Puy-de-D\u00f4me (LADIP) trial on atrial flutter, a multicentric prospective randomized study comparing amiodarone and radiofrequency ablation after the first episode of symptomatic atrial flutter","volume":"114","author":"Da Costa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euw301","article-title":"European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) consensus document on the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, endorsed by Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulaci\u00f3n Cardiaca y Electrofisiologia (SOLAECE)","volume":"19","author":"Katritsis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(88)90282-2","article-title":"Supraventricular tachycardia mimicking ventricular tachycardia during flecainide treatment","volume":"62","author":"Crijns","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.85.4.424","article-title":"Class IC antiarrhythmic drug induced atrial flutter: electrocardiographic and electrophysiological findings and their importance for long term outcome after right atrial isthmus ablation","volume":"85","author":"Nabar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00992-8","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation of \u2018class IC atrial flutter\u2019 in patients with resistant atrial fibrillation","volume":"83","author":"Nabar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.03.337","article-title":"The increasing role of rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"79","author":"Camm","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eup119","article-title":"Antiarrhythmic therapy and risk of death in patients with atrial fibrillation: a nationwide study","volume":"11","author":"Andersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2019422","article-title":"Early rhythm-control therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"383","author":"Kirchhof","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euq382","article-title":"Twenty-five years in the making: flecainide is safe and effective for the management of atrial fibrillation","volume":"13","author":"Aliot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl484","article-title":"Prevention of atrial fibrillation onset by beta-blocker treatment in heart failure: a meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Nasr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.08.108","article-title":"Vagal atrial fibrillation: what is it and should we treat it?","volume":"201","author":"Carpenter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn025","article-title":"Autonomic trigger patterns and anti-arrhythmic treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: data from the Euro Heart Survey","volume":"29","author":"de Vos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(87)90914-8","article-title":"Occurrence of exercise-induced and spontaneous wide complex tachycardia during therapy with flecainide for complex ventricular arrhythmias: a probable proarrhythmic effect","volume":"113","author":"Anastasiou-Nana","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B282","author":"Crijns"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2001.00285.x","article-title":"Fluctuation in autonomic tone is a major determinant of sustained atrial arrhythmias in patients with focal ectopy originating from the pulmonary veins","volume":"12","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.4022\/jafib.2410","article-title":"Drug therapy for vagally-mediated atrial fibrillation and sympatho-vagal balance in the genesis of atrial fibrillation: a review of the current literature","volume":"13","author":"Rattanawong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Atr Fibrillation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.875252","article-title":"Analysis of stroke in ATHENA: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-arm trial to assess the efficacy of dronedarone 400 mg BID for the prevention of cardiovascular hospitalization or death from any cause in patients with atrial fibrillation\/atrial flutter","volume":"120","author":"Connolly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eut293","article-title":"Effect of dronedarone on clinical end points in patients with atrial fibrillation and coronary heart disease: insights from the ATHENA trial","volume":"16","author":"Pisters","year":"2014","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.24011","article-title":"Dronedarone versus sotalol in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic literature review and network meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.11.028","article-title":"Rhythm- and rate-controlling effects of dronedarone in patients with atrial fibrillation (from the ATHENA trial)","volume":"107","author":"Page","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B289","article-title":"Dronedarone provides effective early rhythm control: post-hoc analysis of the ATHENA trial using EAST-AFNET 4 criteria","author":"Kirchhof","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.7.719","article-title":"Antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"166","author":"Lafuente-Lafuente","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.07.967","article-title":"Amiodarone, anticoagulation, and clinical events in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the ARISTOTLE trial","volume":"64","author":"Flaker","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euac146","article-title":"In-hospital mortality and major complications related to radiofrequency catheter ablations of over 10 000 supraventricular arrhythmias from 2005 to 2020: individualized case analysis of multicentric administrative data","volume":"25","author":"Doldi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2006.04.035","article-title":"Long-term outcome of patients with atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia","volume":"115","author":"D\u2019Este","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01128-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of out-of-hospital self-administered single-dose oral drug treatment in the management of infrequent, well-tolerated paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia","volume":"37","author":"Alboni","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2008.160382","article-title":"Drug treatment of supraventricular tachycardia","volume":"95","author":"Blomstr\u00f6m-Lundqvist","year":"2009","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(88)90660-1","article-title":"Electrophysiologic and clinical effects of flecainide for recurrent paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia","volume":"62","author":"Hoff","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1984.tb05591.x","article-title":"Effects of propafenone on induction and maintenance of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia","volume":"7","author":"Garcia-Civera","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(94)90747-1","article-title":"Flecainide acetate for paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. The Flecainide Supraventricular Tachycardia Study Group","volume":"74","author":"Anderson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2004.05.007","article-title":"Influence of age and gender on the mechanism of supraventricular tachycardia","volume":"1","author":"Porter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.70.3.377","article-title":"Preexcited reciprocating tachycardia in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: incidence and mechanisms","volume":"70","author":"Bardy","year":"1984","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e480","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.929372","article-title":"Cardiology patient page. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and accessory pathways","volume":"122","author":"Kulig","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.08.002","article-title":"Sudden cardiac death in patients with ventricular preexcitation","volume":"12","author":"Delise","year":"2020","journal-title":"Card Electrophysiol Clin"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2000.tb00891.x","article-title":"The 1998 NASPE prospective catheter ablation registry","volume":"23","author":"Scheinman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.68.10.392","article-title":"Efficacy of flecainide, sotalol, and verapamil in the treatment of right ventricular tachycardia in patients without overt cardiac abnormality","volume":"68","author":"Gill","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72B","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(84)90506-X","article-title":"A double-blind, crossover comparison of flecainide acetate and disopyramide phosphate in the treatment of ventricular premature complexes","volume":"53","author":"Kjekshus","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38E","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(87)90200-1","article-title":"Aggravation of arrhythmia by antiarrhythmic drugs--incidence and predictors","volume":"59","author":"Podrid","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.125516","article-title":"Effect of atenolol on symptomatic ventricular arrhythmia without structural heart disease: a randomized placebo-controlled study","volume":"144","author":"Krittayaphong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a061589","article-title":"Fascicular tachycardia sensitive to calcium antagonists","volume":"5","author":"Ward","year":"1984","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2017.12.018","article-title":"Class IC antiarrhythmic drugs for suspected premature ventricular contraction-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"15","author":"Hyman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B310","first-page":"23","article-title":"A double-blind crossover comparison of flecainide and slow-release mexiletine in the treatment of stable premature ventricular complexes","volume":"11","author":"Capucci","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13944","article-title":"Premature ventricular contraction diurnal profiles predict distinct clinical characteristics and beta-blocker responses","volume":"30","author":"Hamon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.06.034","article-title":"Malignant Purkinje ectopy induced by sodium channel blockers","volume":"19","author":"Escande","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B313","first-page":"98","article-title":"Long term efficacy and toxicity of amiodarone in the treatment of refractory cardiac arrhythmias","volume":"5","author":"Primeau","year":"1989","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-021-02556-7","article-title":"The efficacy of anti-arrhythmic drugs in children with idiopathic frequent symptomatic or asymptomatic premature ventricular complexes with or without asymptomatic ventricular tachycardia: a retrospective multi-center study","volume":"42","author":"Bertels","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-013-0739-8","article-title":"Verapamil in infants: an exaggerated fear?","volume":"34","author":"Lapage","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-021-10167-w","article-title":"Mechanisms, time course and predictability of premature ventricular contractions cardiomyopathy-an update on its development and resolution","volume":"27","author":"Cojocaru","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2010.03.036","article-title":"Relationship between burden of premature ventricular complexes and left ventricular function","volume":"7","author":"Baman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.07.037","article-title":"Premature ventricular complex site of origin and ablation outcomes in patients with prior myocardial infarction","volume":"18","author":"Penela","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)08171-8","article-title":"Randomised trial of outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with frequent or repetitive ventricular premature depolarisations: CAMIAT. Canadian Amiodarone Myocardial Infarction Arrhythmia Trial Investigators","volume":"349","author":"Cairns","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198908103210629","article-title":"Preliminary report: effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction","volume":"321","author":"Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) Investigators","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1513614","article-title":"Ventricular tachycardia ablation versus escalation of antiarrhythmic drugs","volume":"375","author":"Sapp","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00140.x","article-title":"Dispersion of ventricular repolarization in left ventricular hypertrophy: influence of afterload and dofetilide","volume":"9","author":"Gillis","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12426","article-title":"Left ventricular hypertrophy and antiarrhythmic drugs in atrial fibrillation: impact on mortality","volume":"37","author":"Chung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.110","article-title":"Drug-induced proarrhythmia: risk factors and electrophysiological mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Frommeyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2020.10.063","article-title":"\u201cPill in the pocket\u201d antiarrhythmic drugs for orally administered pharmacologic cardioversion of atrial fibrillation","volume":"140","author":"Reiffel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A10986","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.144.suppl_1.10986","article-title":"Abstract 10986: use of the \u201cpill in the pocket\u201d approach for atrial fibrillation termination as determined from the Antiarrhythmic Medication for Atrial Fibrillation (AIM-AF) study: a physician survey on the prescription of antiarrhythmic drugs in the USA and Europe","volume":"144","author":"Reiffel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015146","article-title":"Value of single oral loading dose of propafenone in converting recent-onset atrial fibrillation. Results of a randomized, double-blind, controlled study","volume":"18","author":"Azpitarte","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s40256-023-00586-5","article-title":"Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of antiarrhythmics in the pharmacological cardioversion of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"23","author":"Orso","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Cardiovasc Drugs"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2014.08.1447","article-title":"Impact of a pharmacological cardioversion with vernakalant on the management cost of recent atrial fibrillation in Belgium","volume":"17","author":"Lamotte","year":"2014","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1999.2039","article-title":"Comparison of intravenously administered dofetilide versus amiodarone in the acute termination of atrial fibrillation and flutter. A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"21","author":"Bianconi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2016.1483","article-title":"Acute treatment of patients with supraventricular tachycardia","volume":"1","author":"Al-Khatib","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B332","first-page":"793","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of common types of supraventricular tachycardia","volume":"92","author":"Helton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B333","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(96)90098-8","article-title":"Ventricular fibrillation after intravenous amiodarone in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with atrial fibrillation","volume":"131","author":"Boriani","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B334","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2017.05.002","article-title":"Arrhythmias originating in the atria","volume":"9","author":"Leonelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Card Electrophysiol Clin"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/joa3.12282","article-title":"Junctional ectopic tachycardia in infants and children","volume":"36","author":"Kylat","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Arrhythm"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B336","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1002\/joa3.12410","article-title":"Junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET)","volume":"36","author":"Alasti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Arrhythm"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B337","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2021.01.020","article-title":"Ivabradine versus amiodarone in the management of postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia: a randomized, open-label, noninferiority study","volume":"7","author":"Arvind","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B338","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1177\/2150135119876600","article-title":"Ivabradine as an adjunct for refractory junctional ectopic tachycardia following pediatric cardiac surgery: a preliminary study","volume":"10","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B339","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(96)00224-X","article-title":"Comparison of procainamide and lidocaine in terminating sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia","volume":"78","author":"Gorgels","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2013-202973","article-title":"Antidysrhythmic drug therapy for the termination of stable, monomorphic ventricular tachycardia: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"deSouza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B341","first-page":"1329","article-title":"Randomized comparison of intravenous procainamide vs. intravenous amiodarone for the acute treatment of tolerated wide QRS tachycardia: the PROCAMIO study","volume":"38","author":"Ortiz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B342","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13767","article-title":"Procainamide versus amiodarone for stable ventricular tachycardia","volume":"26","author":"Kelson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B343","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euac151","article-title":"Contemporary management of ventricular electrical storm in Europe: results of a European Heart Rhythm Association Survey","volume":"25","author":"Baldi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B344","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060324","article-title":"Electrophysiological and haemodynamic effects of lidocaine and ajmaline in the management of sustained ventricular tachycardia","volume":"13","author":"Manz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(83)90007-8","article-title":"Hemodynamic effects of intravenous amiodarone in patients with depressed left ventricular function and recurrent ventricular tachycardia","volume":"106","author":"Schwartz","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e740","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000613","article-title":"2018 American heart association focused update on advanced cardiovascular life support use of antiarrhythmic drugs during and immediately after cardiac arrest: an update to the american heart association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care","volume":"138","author":"Panchal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B347","first-page":"CD008553","article-title":"Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction","volume":"2015","author":"Mart\u00ed-Carvajal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B348","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3965","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab138","article-title":"Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, ischaemic ventricular fibrillation, and torsade de pointes: importance of the QT and the coupling interval in the differential diagnosis","volume":"42","author":"Rosso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B349","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055783","article-title":"Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: terminology, mechanism, diagnosis, and emergency therapy","volume":"144","author":"Viskin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2304","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038036","article-title":"Quinidine-responsive polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in patients with coronary heart disease","volume":"139","author":"Viskin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/00001573-200001000-00002","article-title":"Inpatient versus outpatient antiarrhythmic drug initiation: safety and cost-effectiveness issues","volume":"15","author":"Reiffel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2024.10.003","article-title":"Home sotalol initiation for the management of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias using remote electrocardiographic monitoring","volume":"11","author":"LaBreck","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B353","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euac217","article-title":"Incidence of thyroid dysfunction following initiation of amiodarone treatment in patients with and without heart failure: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"25","author":"Ali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B354","first-page":"518","article-title":"Medication management of atrial fibrillation: emerging therapies for rhythm control and stroke prevention","volume":"36","author":"Knapp","year":"2011","journal-title":"P T"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e179","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1330","article-title":"Ventricular ectopy and QTc-interval prolongation associated with dronedarone therapy","volume":"33","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B356","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.2012.01118.x","article-title":"Proarrhythmic potential of dronedarone: emerging evidence from spontaneous adverse event reporting","volume":"32","author":"Kao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B357","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz666","article-title":"Nurse-led vs. usual-care for atrial fibrillation","volume":"41","author":"Wijtvliet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B358","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.79.5.1000","article-title":"Amplification of flecainide-induced ventricular conduction slowing by exercise. A potentially significant clinical consequence of use-dependent sodium channel blockade","volume":"79","author":"Ranger","year":"1989","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B359","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10071456","article-title":"Flecainide how and when: a practical guide in supraventricular arrhythmias","volume":"10","author":"Lavalle","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B360","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaf067","article-title":"The diagnostic role of pharmacological provocation testing in cardiac electrophysiology: a clinical consensus statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association and the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) of the ESC, the ESC Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy, the Association of European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), the Paediatric & Congenital Electrophysiology Society (PACES), the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS)","author":"Behr","year":"2025","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii14","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaa426","article-title":"Antiarrhythmic drugs for atrial fibrillation: lessons from the past and opportunities for the future","volume":"23","author":"Heijman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B362","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"euad210","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euad210","article-title":"25 years of basic and translational science in EP Europace: novel insights into arrhythmia mechanisms and therapeutic strategies","volume":"25","author":"Remme","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B363","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"euae304","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae304","article-title":"Evolution in electrophysiology 100 years after Einthoven: translational and computational innovations in rhythm control of atrial fibrillation","volume":"27","author":"Schuijt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B364","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2E","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(87)90195-0","article-title":"Clinical types of proarrhythmic response to antiarrhythmic drugs","volume":"59","author":"Bigger","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.15420\/aer.2015.4.1.28","article-title":"Biology of the sinus node and its disease","volume":"4","author":"Choudhury","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B366","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.03.057","article-title":"Drug-induced atrioventricular block: prognosis after discontinuation of the culprit drug","volume":"44","author":"Zeltser","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B367","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2012.03410.x","article-title":"Management of patients with drug-induced atrioventricular block","volume":"35","author":"Osmonov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B368","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50N","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00586-4","article-title":"Proarrhythmia","volume":"82","author":"Friedman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B369","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(05)70324-2","article-title":"Proarrhythmia","volume":"85","author":"Naccarelli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(89)90074-0","article-title":"Arrhythmogenic effects of antiarrhythmic drugs: a study of 506 patients treated for ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation","volume":"14","author":"Stanton","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-113-9-671","article-title":"Inefficacy and proarrhythmic effects of flecainide and encainide for sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation","volume":"113","author":"Herre","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B372","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"euad181","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euad181","article-title":"Bayesian analysis of the substrate ablation vs. antiarrhythmic drug therapy for symptomatic ventricular tachycardia trial","volume":"25","author":"\u00c1vila","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B373","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32E","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(87)90199-8","article-title":"Risk factors for the development of proarrhythmic events","volume":"59","author":"Morganroth","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B374","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(88)90943-5","article-title":"Clinical predictors of arrhythmia worsening by antiarrhythmic drugs","volume":"61","author":"Slater","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B375","first-page":"263","article-title":"[Ventricular tachycardia with 2 variable opposing foci]","volume":"59","author":"Dessertenne","year":"1966","journal-title":"Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B376","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0033-0620(88)90014-X","article-title":"The long QT syndromes: a critical review, new clinical observations and a unifying hypothesis","volume":"31","author":"Jackman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B377","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00001573-200201000-00007","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms underlying the long QT syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Antzelevitch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B378","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1999.tb00287.x","article-title":"The M cell: its contribution to the ECG and to normal and abnormal electrical function of the heart","volume":"10","author":"Antzelevitch","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B379","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.89.11.1363","article-title":"Drug induced QT prolongation and torsades de pointes","volume":"89","author":"Yap","year":"2003","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199447010-00004","article-title":"Torsade de pointes. Mechanisms and management","volume":"47","author":"Napolitano","year":"1994","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(86)90010-4","article-title":"Incidence and clinical features of the quinidine-associated long QT syndrome: implications for patient care","volume":"111","author":"Roden","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B382","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(84)90158-3","article-title":"Sotalol-induced torsade de pointes","volume":"107","author":"Kuck","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B383","first-page":"473","article-title":"Drug-induced QT prolongation and torsades de pointes","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"P T"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B384","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a062057","article-title":"Amiodarone-induced torsades de pointes","volume":"7","author":"Brown","year":"1986","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1997.tb01018.x","article-title":"Chronic amiodarone reduces transmural dispersion of repolarization in the canine heart","volume":"8","author":"Sicouri","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B386","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.01.001","article-title":"Prevention of torsade de pointes in hospital settings: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation","volume":"55","author":"Drew","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B387","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.12.063","article-title":"Predicting the unpredictable: drug-induced QT prolongation and torsades de pointes","volume":"67","author":"Schwartz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B388","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"euad161","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euad161","article-title":"Mechanisms of fever-induced QT prolongation and torsades de pointes in patients with KCNH2 mutation","volume":"25","author":"Usuda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B389","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(87)90915-5","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of flecainide acetate for atrial tachycardia or fibrillation","volume":"59","author":"Berns","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e214","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000905","article-title":"Drug-induced arrhythmias: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"142","author":"Tisdale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-111-2-107","article-title":"Flecainide-induced ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation in patients treated for atrial fibrillation","volume":"111","author":"Falk","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B392","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2019.12.041","article-title":"Use of flecainide for the treatment of atrial fibrillation","volume":"125","author":"Echt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B393","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200262030-00001","article-title":"Oral loading with propafenone for conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation: a review on in-hospital treatment","volume":"62","author":"Boriani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B394","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.07.091","article-title":"Flecainide and propafenone induced ST-segment elevation in patients with atrial fibrillation: clue to specificity of Brugada-type electrocardiographic changes","volume":"94","author":"Beldner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eup114","article-title":"Drug-induced Brugada syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Yap","year":"2009","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B396","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.08.039","article-title":"Practical management guide for clinicians who treat patients with amiodarone","volume":"129","author":"Epstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B397","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad726","article-title":"Amiodarone and pulmonary toxicity in atrial fibrillation: a nationwide Israeli study","volume":"45","author":"Tsaban","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B398","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199801013380107","article-title":"Quinidine","volume":"338","author":"Grace","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B399","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/8.suppl_A.1","article-title":"The clinical usefulness of the antiarrhythmic drug quinidine","volume":"8 Suppl A","author":"Cos\u00edn-Aguilar","year":"1987","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12726","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment of acquired QT prolongation and torsades de pointes","volume":"81","author":"Thomas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530010049034","article-title":"Systems analysis of adverse drug events. ADE Prevention Study Group","volume":"274","author":"Leape","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B402","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050582","article-title":"Suspected adverse drug events requiring emergency department visits or hospital admissions","volume":"54","author":"Raschetti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B403","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-015-0936-y","article-title":"Polypharmacy and major adverse events in atrial fibrillation: observations from the AFFIRM trial","volume":"105","author":"Proietti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200023060-00003","article-title":"Antiarrhythmic agents: drug interactions of clinical significance","volume":"23","author":"Trujillo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-017-0729-x","article-title":"Clinical implications of P-glycoprotein modulation in drug-drug interactions","volume":"77","author":"Lund","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B406","first-page":"e007955","article-title":"Drug interactions affecting antiarrhythmic drug use","volume":"15","author":"Mar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12596","article-title":"Adverse drug reactions in special populations\u2014the elderly","volume":"80","author":"Davies","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B408","first-page":"1553","article-title":"Genetic factors in drug metabolism","volume":"77","author":"Belle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B409","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200948030-00001","article-title":"Sex differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics","volume":"48","author":"Soldin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.2165\/11318030-000000000-00000","article-title":"Polymorphism of human cytochrome P450 2D6 and its clinical significance: part I","volume":"48","author":"Zhou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2008.03267.x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic interaction of flecainide and paroxetine in relation to the CYP2D6*10 allele in healthy Korean subjects","volume":"66","author":"Lim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B412","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-198901000-00003","article-title":"Interaction between digoxin and propafenone","volume":"11","author":"Calvo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B413","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03259911","article-title":"Adverse effects of amiodarone. Pathogenesis, incidence and management","volume":"4","author":"Naccarelli","year":"1989","journal-title":"Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exp"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B414","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01881526","article-title":"The digoxin-amiodarone interaction","volume":"3","author":"Robinson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.13614","article-title":"The effect of amiodarone on warfarin anticoagulation: a register-based nationwide cohort study involving the Swedish population","volume":"15","author":"Holm","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.09.031","article-title":"Interaction between amiodarone and sofosbuvir-based treatment for hepatitis C virus infection: potential mechanisms and lessons to be learned","volume":"149","author":"Back","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B417","first-page":"564","article-title":"Amiodarone-cyclosporine interaction in a heart transplant patient","volume":"11","author":"Nicolau","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B418","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp120553","article-title":"Effect of simvastatin-amiodarone drug interaction alert on appropriate prescribing","volume":"70","author":"Prom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B419","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.4137\/CMC.S6677","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of dronedarone in the treatment of atrial fibrillation\/flutter","volume":"5","author":"Naccarelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e717","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0b013e31821106c9","article-title":"Dronedarone-induced digoxin toxicity: new drug, new interactions","volume":"20","author":"Vallakati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2015.03.015","article-title":"Concomitant use of dronedarone with dabigatran in patients with atrial fibrillation in clinical practice","volume":"135","author":"Mochalina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198020030-00003","article-title":"Drug interactions with digoxin","volume":"20","author":"Brown","year":"1980","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-198815040-00003","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic interactions with digoxin","volume":"15","author":"Rodin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.01.035","article-title":"Perspective on antiarrhythmic drug combinations","volume":"192","author":"Reiffel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4189","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-022-02222-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ivabradine in combination with beta-blockers in patients with stable angina pectoris: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Nedoshivin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B426","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4063","DOI":"10.19102\/icrm.2020.110404","article-title":"Reduced-dose antiarrhythmic drugs: valuable or valueless?","volume":"11","author":"Reiffel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Innov Card Rhythm Manag"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(83)90271-5","article-title":"Concurrent use of quinidine and disopyramide: evaluation of serum concentrations and electrocardiographic effects","volume":"105","author":"Baker","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B428","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(94)90552-5","article-title":"Usefulness of oral quinidine-mexiletine combination therapy for sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias as assessed by programmed electrical stimulation when quinidine monotherapy has failed","volume":"127","author":"Bonavita","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(90)90255-N","article-title":"Low dose quinidine-mexiletine combination therapy versus quinidine monotherapy for treatment of ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"15","author":"Giardina","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(88)90482-6","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of mexiletine alone and in combination with class Ia antiarrhythmic drugs for refractory ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"115","author":"Whitford","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00313-4","article-title":"Effects of verapamil and propranolol on early afterdepolarizations and ventricular arrhythmias induced by epinephrine in congenital long QT syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Shimizu","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B432","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2004.04.015","article-title":"Prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardioversion: results of the PAFAC trial","volume":"25","author":"Fetsch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B433","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2004.06.014","article-title":"Suppression of paroxysmal atrial tachyarrhythmias--results of the SOPAT trial","volume":"25","author":"Patten","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B434","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(10)80153-6","article-title":"Role of combination drug therapy with a class IC antiarrhythmic agent and mexiletine for ventricular tachycardia","volume":"17","author":"Mendes","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.84.1.101","article-title":"A prospective comparison of class IA, B, and C antiarrhythmic agents in combination with amiodarone in patients with inducible, sustained ventricular tachycardia","volume":"84","author":"Toivonen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B436","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S70","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199220002-00012","article-title":"Drug combinations and interactions with class III agents","volume":"20 Suppl 2","author":"Marcus","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B437","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4103\/rcm.rcm_4_19","article-title":"Clinical results of combined amiodarone and mexiletine therapy in refractory ventricular tachycardias","volume":"8","author":"Madadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B438","first-page":"S48","article-title":"Combination of antiarrhythmic drugs","volume":"17 Suppl 6","author":"L\u00fcderitz","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B439","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.04.154","article-title":"Amiodarone plus Flecainide combination therapy in patients with amiodarone refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"168","author":"Kagal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319713477911","article-title":"Ranolazine enhances the antiarrhythmic activity of amiodarone by accelerating conversion of new-onset atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery","volume":"65","author":"Simopoulos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.12.010","article-title":"Use of flecainide in combination antiarrhythmic therapy in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy","volume":"14","author":"Ermakov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B442","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12250","article-title":"Combination drug therapy for patients with intractable ventricular tachycardia associated with right ventricular cardiomyopathy","volume":"37","author":"Ermakov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B443","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euv462","article-title":"Flecainide-metoprolol combination reduces atrial fibrillation clinical recurrences and improves tolerability at 1-year follow-up in persistent symptomatic atrial fibrillation","volume":"18","author":"Capucci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B444","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.2.502","article-title":"Acute ventricular rate control in atrial fibrillation: IV combination of diltiazem and digoxin vs. IV diltiazem alone","volume":"119","author":"Wattanasuwan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2012.08.029","article-title":"Effect of ranolazine on ventricular repolarization in class III antiarrhythmic drug-treated rabbits","volume":"9","author":"Frommeyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B446","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.27.9.1297","article-title":"Monotherapy versus combination therapy with class III antiarrhythmic agents to attenuate transmural dispersion of repolarization: a potential risk factor for torsade de pointes","volume":"27","author":"Shah","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B447","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3503","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad194","article-title":"2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiomyopathies","volume":"44","author":"Arbelo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B448","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90823-J","article-title":"Sotalol and type IA drugs in combination prevent recurrence of sustained ventricular tachycardia","volume":"22","author":"Dorian","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B449","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(96)00423-8","article-title":"Electrophysiologic mechanisms of antiarrhythmic efficacy of a sotalol and class Ia drug combination: elimination of reverse use dependence","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-009-9146-8","article-title":"Herb-drug interactions with St John\u2019s wort (Hypericum perforatum): an update on clinical observations","volume":"11","author":"Borrelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2003.12.012","article-title":"St John\u2019s wort decreases the bioavailability of R- and S-verapamil through induction of the first-pass metabolism","volume":"75","author":"Tannergren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B452","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S148257","article-title":"Effect of green tea catechins on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin in humans","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B453","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.120951","article-title":"Grapefruit-medication interactions: forbidden fruit or avoidable consequences?","volume":"185","author":"Bailey","year":"2013","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B454","first-page":"31","article-title":"Drug interactions with grapefruit juice","volume":"5","author":"Mazi-Kotwal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Med Pract"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2000.00163.x","article-title":"Dramatic inhibition of amiodarone metabolism induced by grapefruit juice","volume":"49","author":"Libersa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B456","first-page":"1399","article-title":"Interactions between antiarrhythmic drugs and food","volume":"27","author":"J\u00e1uregui-Garrido","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B457","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)01396-5","article-title":"Bioavailability of amiodarone tablets administered with and without food in healthy subjects","volume":"87","author":"Meng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B458","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A95","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(88)90749-7","article-title":"Combination therapy for cardiac arrhythmias","volume":"61","author":"L\u00e9vy","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B459","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-006-9002-z","article-title":"Combined use of 1C and III agents for highly symptomatic, refractory atrial fibrillation","volume":"15","author":"Narayan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01773-9","article-title":"Flecainide and sotalol: a new combination therapy for refractory supraventricular tachycardia in children &lt;1 year of age","volume":"39","author":"Price","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31S","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248410377617","article-title":"Augmenting maintenance of sinus rhythm in the control of atrial fibrillation by antiarrhythmic drug combinations","volume":"15","author":"Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B462","first-page":"690","article-title":"[Treatment of recurrent supraventricular tachyarrhythmias with flecainide or a flecainide and amiodarone combination]","volume":"17","author":"Purcaro","year":"1987","journal-title":"G Ital Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B463","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00513-P","article-title":"Flecainide and amiodarone: combined therapy for refractory tachyarrhythmias in infancy","volume":"25","author":"Fenrich","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B464","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3165","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy340","article-title":"2018 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy","volume":"39","author":"Regitz-Zagrosek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2021.10.004","article-title":"Arrhythmias in pregnancy","volume":"8","author":"Tamirisa","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B466","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.10.075","article-title":"Use of medication for cardiovascular disease during pregnancy: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"73","author":"Halpern","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B467","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80195-7","article-title":"Effects of pregnancy on first onset and symptoms of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia","volume":"76","author":"Lee","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B468","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-15-0617","article-title":"Beta-blockers and fetal growth restriction in pregnant women with cardiovascular disease","volume":"80","author":"Tanaka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B469","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0338","article-title":"\u03b2-blocker use in pregnancy and the risk for congenital malformations: an international cohort study","volume":"169","author":"Bateman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)34767-3","article-title":"The acute treatment of maternal supraventricular tachycardias during pregnancy: a review of the literature","volume":"33","author":"Ghosh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.114.001517","article-title":"Contemporary management of arrhythmias during pregnancy","volume":"7","author":"Enriquez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B472","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12522","article-title":"Treatment with oral beta-blockers during pregnancy complicated by maternal heart disease increases the risk of fetal growth restriction","volume":"121","author":"Ersb\u00f8ll","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B473","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.026120","article-title":"Comparison of transplacental treatment of fetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias with digoxin, flecainide, and sotalol: results of a nonrandomized multicenter study","volume":"124","author":"Jaeggi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B474","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s002460010279","article-title":"Second-line treatment of fetal supraventricular tachycardia using flecainide acetate","volume":"22","author":"Ebenroth","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2002.02113.x","article-title":"Direct current cardioversion during pregnancy should be performed with facilities available for fetal monitoring and emergency caesarean section","volume":"109","author":"Barnes","year":"2002","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B476","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199920010-00008","article-title":"Treatment of cardiac arrhythmias during pregnancy: safety considerations","volume":"20","author":"Joglar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B477","first-page":"e272","article-title":"2017 AHA\/ACC\/HRS guideline for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society","volume":"138","author":"Al-Khatib","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B478","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000300","article-title":"Cardiac arrest in pregnancy: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"132","author":"Jeejeebhoy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B479","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.09.054","article-title":"Long QT syndrome and pregnancy","volume":"49","author":"Seth","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-017-0254-0","article-title":"Management of supraventricular tachycardia in infants","volume":"19","author":"Richardson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaa325","article-title":"Pediatric catheter ablation at the beginning of the 21st century: results from the European Multicenter Pediatric Catheter Ablation Registry \u2018EUROPA\u2019","volume":"23","author":"Krause","year":"2021","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B482","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eut082","article-title":"Pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy for arrhythmias in the pediatric population: EHRA and AEPC-Arrhythmia Working Group joint consensus statement","volume":"15","author":"Brugada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B483","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2018-315617","article-title":"Fascicular tachycardia in infancy and the use of verapamil: a case series and literature review","volume":"104","author":"Kehr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B484","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4103\/apc.apc_264_20","article-title":"Ivabradine monotherapy in congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia","volume":"15","author":"Devaprasath","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.112.972620","article-title":"The study of antiarrhythmic medications in infancy (SAMIS): a multicenter, randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy and safety of digoxin versus propranolol for prophylaxis of supraventricular tachycardia in infants","volume":"5","author":"Sanatani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B486","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjcpc.2021.09.001","article-title":"Medical management of infants with supraventricular tachycardia: results from a registry and review of the literature","volume":"1","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"CJC Pediatr Congenit Heart Dis"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B487","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.62347\/ZTXC5809","article-title":"Evaluating antiarrhythmic drugs for managing infants with supraventricular tachycardia; a review","volume":"14","author":"Mojahedi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B488","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3279","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11123279","article-title":"Effective control of supraventricular tachycardia in neonates may requires combination pharmacologic therapy","volume":"11","author":"Lim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B489","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-020-02534-5","article-title":"Antiarrhythmic treatment duration and tachycardia recurrence in infants with supraventricular tachycardia","volume":"42","author":"Aljohani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2165\/00128072-200204010-00006","article-title":"Drug treatment of fetal tachycardias","volume":"4","author":"Oudijk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2015.11.007","article-title":"Fetal and neonatal arrhythmias","volume":"43","author":"Jaeggi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B492","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.4103\/apc.APC_134_17","article-title":"Fetal cardiac arrhythmias: current evidence","volume":"11","author":"Bravo-Valenzuela","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B493","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.15420\/aer.2016.1.2","article-title":"Pharmacological therapy of tachyarrhythmias during pregnancy","volume":"5","author":"Yaksh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B494","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-003-0589-x","article-title":"Cardiac arrhythmias in the human fetus","volume":"25","author":"Kleinman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B495","first-page":"5148250","article-title":"Fetal intervention for refractory supraventricular tachycardia complicated by hydrops fetalis","volume":"2022","author":"Munoz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Case Rep Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B496","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.03.023","article-title":"Flecainide versus digoxin for fetal supraventricular tachycardia: comparison of two drug treatment protocols","volume":"13","author":"Sridharan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B497","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007164","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007164","article-title":"First-line antiarrhythmic transplacental treatment for fetal tachyarrhythmia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Alsaied","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B498","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.01.064","article-title":"The aging cardiovascular system: understanding it at the cellular and clinical levels","volume":"69","author":"Paneni","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B499","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013797722156","article-title":"Age-associated cardiovascular changes in health: impact on cardiovascular disease in older persons","volume":"7","author":"Lakatta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000741","article-title":"Older adults in the cardiac intensive care unit: factoring geriatric syndromes in the management, prognosis, and process of care: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"141","author":"Damluji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvac005","article-title":"Facing the challenge of polypharmacy when prescribing for older people with cardiovascular disease. A review by the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Tamargo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B502","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0322-7","article-title":"The rising tide of polypharmacy and drug-drug interactions: population database analysis 1995\u20132010","volume":"13","author":"Guthrie","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s12170-016-0491-8","article-title":"Multimorbidity in older patients with cardiovascular disease","volume":"10","author":"Dunlay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13742","article-title":"Era of geriatric medical challenges: multimorbidity among older patients","volume":"19","author":"Kuzuya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15634","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy in older adults with cardiovascular disease: report from an american college of cardiology, american geriatrics society, and national institute on aging workshop","volume":"67","author":"Schwartz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.03.019","article-title":"Arrhythmias in patients \u226580 years of age: pathophysiology, management, and outcomes","volume":"71","author":"Curtis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B507","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"euae264","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae264","article-title":"Sex- and age-specific differences in the use of antiarrhythmic therapies among atrial fibrillation patients: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"26","author":"Salmela","year":"2024","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B508","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euac123","article-title":"EHRA expert consensus document on the management of arrhythmias in frailty syndrome, endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), Latin America Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS), and Cardiac Arrhythmia Society of Southern Africa (CASSA)","volume":"25","author":"Savelieva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B509","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2003.12.017","article-title":"Diminishing proportional risk of sudden death with advancing age: implications for prevention of sudden death","volume":"147","author":"Krahn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.03.004","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of antiarrhythmic drugs and catheter ablation for the prevention of recurrent ventricular tachycardia in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"13","author":"Santangeli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03960609","article-title":"Review on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and the aging kidney","volume":"5","author":"Aymanns","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.2174\/092986710790416326","article-title":"Age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes and related risk of adverse drug reactions","volume":"17","author":"Corsonello","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.2165\/11591680-000000000-00000","article-title":"Is antiarrhythmic treatment in the elderly different? A review of the specific changes","volume":"28","author":"Deneer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B514","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.001","article-title":"Pharmacology of antiarrhythmic drugs in elderly patients","volume":"28","author":"Frishman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18372","article-title":"American Geriatrics Society 2023 updated AGS Beers Criteria\u00ae for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults","volume":"71","author":"By the 2023 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria\u00ae Update Expert Panel","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B516","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-015-0318-1","article-title":"Age-related changes in hepatic function: an update on implications for drug therapy","volume":"32","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B517","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.2174\/138920011796504527","article-title":"Age-related changes in pharmacokinetics","volume":"12","author":"Shi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Drug Metab"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B518","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14094","article-title":"Prescribing medicines to older people-how to consider the impact of ageing on human organ and body functions","volume":"86","author":"Drenth-van Maanen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B519","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.56.2.4","article-title":"Aging biology and geriatric clinical pharmacology","volume":"56","author":"McLean","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2012.12.007","article-title":"Cytochrome P450 enzymes in drug metabolism: regulation of gene expression, enzyme activities, and impact of genetic variation","volume":"138","author":"Zanger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2009.12.011","article-title":"Updates on cytochrome p450-mediated cardiovascular drug interactions","volume":"56","author":"Cheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dis Mon"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B522","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.04.027","article-title":"Anti-arrhythmic therapy in athletes","volume":"144","author":"Zorzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.12.012","article-title":"2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"79","author":"Heidenreich","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B524","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91895-3","article-title":"Randomised trial of low-dose amiodarone in severe congestive heart failure. Grupo de Estudio de la Sobrevida en la Insuficiencia Cardiaca en Argentina (GESICA)","volume":"344","author":"Doval","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199507133330201","article-title":"Amiodarone in patients with congestive heart failure and asymptomatic ventricular arrhythmia. Survival trial of antiarrhythmic therapy in congestive heart failure","volume":"333","author":"Singh","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B526","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200003303421302","article-title":"Amiodarone to prevent recurrence of atrial fibrillation. Canadian trial of atrial fibrillation investigators","volume":"342","author":"Roy","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043399","article-title":"Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure","volume":"352","author":"Bardy","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909163411201","article-title":"Dofetilide in patients with congestive heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction. Danish investigations of arrhythmia and mortality on Dofetilide Study Group","volume":"341","author":"Torp-Pedersen","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B529","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248418784288","article-title":"A quarter of a century later: what is dofetilide\u2019s clinical role today?","volume":"24","author":"Wolbrette","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707855","article-title":"Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation with heart failure","volume":"378","author":"Marrouche","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050991","article-title":"Ablation versus drug therapy for atrial fibrillation in heart failure: results from the CABANA trial","volume":"143","author":"Packer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B532","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.08.041","article-title":"Catheter ablation versus medical rate control in atrial fibrillation and systolic dysfunction: the CAMERA-MRI study","volume":"70","author":"Prabhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B533","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0708789","article-title":"Rhythm control versus rate control for atrial fibrillation and heart failure","volume":"358","author":"Roy","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B534","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2306037","article-title":"Catheter ablation in end-stage heart failure with atrial fibrillation","volume":"389","author":"Sohns","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"euae112","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae112","article-title":"Definition and management of arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy: findings from the European Heart Rhythm Association survey","volume":"26","author":"Serban","year":"2024","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B536","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199702203360801","article-title":"The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure","volume":"336","author":"Digitalis Investigation Group","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B537","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36D","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)00905-X","article-title":"Cost-effective management of acute atrial fibrillation: role of rate control, spontaneous conversion, medical and direct current cardioversion, transesophageal echocardiography, and antiembolic therapy","volume":"85","author":"Naccarelli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B538","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00595-1","article-title":"Intravenous amiodarone in treatment of recent-onset atrial fibrillation: results of a randomized, controlled study","volume":"27","author":"Galve","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B539","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12569","article-title":"Combined actions of ivabradine and ranolazine reduce ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation","volume":"26","author":"Verrier","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.04.049","article-title":"How to use beta-blockers in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and atrial fibrillation","volume":"69","author":"Filippatos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab062","article-title":"Antiarrhythmic drugs in patients with early persistent atrial fibrillation and heart failure: results of the RACE 3 study","volume":"23","author":"Al-Jazairi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B542","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e011560","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.011560","article-title":"Rhythm control versus rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: insights from get with the guidelines-heart failure","volume":"8","author":"Kelly","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B543","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2019.02.014","article-title":"Relationships between maintenance of sinus rhythm and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and atrial fibrillation","volume":"74","author":"Machino-Ohtsuka","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B544","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2017.05.001","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation in heart failure with preserved, mid-range, and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"5","author":"Sartipy","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12535","article-title":"Efficacy of amiodarone in patients with atrial fibrillation with and without left ventricular dysfunction: a pooled analysis of AFFIRM and AF-CHF trials","volume":"25","author":"Cadrin-Tourigny","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B546","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s40256-019-00353-5","article-title":"Effect of spironolactone on atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: post-hoc analysis of the randomized, placebo-controlled TOPCAT trial","volume":"20","author":"Neefs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Cardiovasc Drugs"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B547","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.03.028","article-title":"Association of SGLT2 inhibitors with arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in patients with type 2 diabetes or heart failure: a meta-analysis of 34 randomized controlled trials","volume":"18","author":"Fernandes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B548","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab177","article-title":"Association between sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and risk of sudden cardiac death or ventricular arrhythmias: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"24","author":"Sfairopoulos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B549","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.86.1.29","article-title":"Efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular disease. Results in patients with inducible and noninducible ventricular tachycardia","volume":"86","author":"Wichter","year":"1992","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2018.10.016","article-title":"Ablation compared with drug therapy for recurrent ventricular tachycardia in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: results from a multicenter study","volume":"16","author":"Mahida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B551","volume-title":"Stockley\u2019s Drug Interactions","author":"Preston","year":"2019","edition":"12th ed"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B552","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780198759935.003.0024_update_001","volume-title":"The ESC Handbook on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy","author":"Tamargo","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B553","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200746120-00002","article-title":"Antiarrhythmics: elimination and dosage considerations in hepatic impairment","volume":"46","author":"Klotz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B554","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.7.12.1583","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics of antiarrhythmic therapy","volume":"7","author":"Darbar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.108.776120","article-title":"Sudden death and defibrillators in transposition of the great arteries with intra-atrial baffles: a multicenter study","volume":"1","author":"Khairy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B556","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.2.149","article-title":"Amiodarone-associated thyroid dysfunction: risk factors in adults with congenital heart disease","volume":"100","author":"Thorne","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B557","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.01.078","article-title":"Interplay between genetic substrate, QTc duration, and arrhythmia risk in patients with long QT syndrome","volume":"71","author":"Mazzanti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B558","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.12.033","article-title":"Gene-specific therapy with mexiletine reduces arrhythmic events in patients with long QT syndrome type 3","volume":"67","author":"Mazzanti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B559","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00771","article-title":"Impact of antiarrhythmic drugs on the outcome of short QT syndrome","volume":"10","author":"El-Battrawy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"euad180","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euad180","article-title":"From gene-discovery to gene-tailored clinical management: 25 years of research in channelopathies and cardiomyopathies","volume":"25","author":"Crotti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.10.007","article-title":"Challenge and impact of quinidine access in sudden death syndromes: a national experience","volume":"5","author":"Malhi","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B562","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2007.02.014","article-title":"Acute and chronic management in patients with Brugada syndrome associated with electrical storm of ventricular fibrillation","volume":"4","author":"Ohgo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B563","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.09.027","article-title":"Flecainide monotherapy is an option for selected patients with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia intolerant of \u03b2-blockade","volume":"13","author":"Padfield","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B564","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.030","article-title":"Electrical storm in idiopathic ventricular fibrillation is associated with early repolarization","volume":"62","author":"Aizawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.10.044","article-title":"Characteristics of recurrent ventricular fibrillation associated with inferolateral early repolarization role of drug therapy","volume":"53","author":"Ha\u00efssaguerre","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B566","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14061120","article-title":"Drug-drug interactions of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs): from pharmacological to clinical practice","volume":"14","author":"Ferri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B567","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s40256-013-0029-0","article-title":"Drug-drug interaction studies of cardiovascular drugs involving P-glycoprotein, an efflux transporter, on the pharmacokinetics of edoxaban, an oral factor Xa inhibitor","volume":"13","author":"Mendell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Cardiovasc Drugs"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B568","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3552","DOI":"10.19102\/icrm.2019.100304","article-title":"Clinically important drug-drug interactions between antiarrhythmic drugs and anticoagulants","volume":"10","author":"Konieczny","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Innov Card Rhythm Manag"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B569","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.12.068","article-title":"Select drug-drug interactions with direct oral anticoagulants: JACC review topic of the week","volume":"75","author":"Wiggins","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.5.649","article-title":"Environmental and drug effects on patients with pacemakers and implantable cardioverter\/defibrillators: a practical guide to patient treatment","volume":"161","author":"Goldschlager","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B571","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1992.tb02916.x","article-title":"Acute and chronic cycle length dependent increase in ventricular pacing threshold","volume":"15","author":"Hook","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B572","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1997.tb00842.x","article-title":"ICD-antiarrhythmic drug and ICD-pacemaker interactions","volume":"8","author":"Brode","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B573","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2004.00702.x","article-title":"Advantages and pitfalls of combining device-based and pharmacologic therapies for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias: observations from a tertiary referral center","volume":"27","author":"Rajawat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B574","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euq073","article-title":"Role of antiarrhythmic drugs in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators","volume":"12","author":"Van Herendael","year":"2010","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2011.02183.x","article-title":"Dofetilide reduces the frequency of ventricular arrhythmias and implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapies","volume":"23","author":"Baquero","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B576","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3646","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000149240.98971.A8","article-title":"Placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of azimilide for prevention of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator","volume":"110","author":"Dorian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B577","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.04.086","article-title":"Ranolazine in high-risk patients with implanted cardioverter-defibrillators: the RAID trial","volume":"72","author":"Zareba","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B578","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.072561","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of celivarone, with amiodarone as calibrator, in patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for prevention of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator interventions or death: the ALPHEE study","volume":"124","author":"Kowey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B579","first-page":"1426","volume-title":"Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside","author":"Zipes","year":"1995","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B580","first-page":"S112","article-title":"Antiarrhythmic drug therapy after radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"30 Suppl 1","author":"Turco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.839639","article-title":"Antiarrhythmics after ablation of atrial fibrillation (5A Study)","volume":"120","author":"Roux","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B582","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.110.955393","article-title":"Antiarrhythmics after ablation of atrial fibrillation (5A Study): six-month follow-up study","volume":"4","author":"Leong-Sit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B583","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1080\/AC.67.4.2170681","article-title":"Extensive antiarrhythmic drugs after catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"67","author":"Gu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B584","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2015.04.016","article-title":"Effect of antiarrhythmic drug initiation on readmission after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation","volume":"1","author":"Noseworthy","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx666","article-title":"Pulmonary vein isolation with vs. without continued antiarrhythmic drug treatment in subjects with recurrent atrial fibrillation (POWDER AF): results from a multicentre randomized trial","volume":"39","author":"Duytschaever","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B586","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-5922.12052","article-title":"Antiarrhythmic drug therapy for maintaining sinus rhythm early after pulmonary vein ablation in patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation","volume":"32","author":"Sohns","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B587","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00880","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.880","article-title":"Antiarrhythmic drug therapy after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation-insights from the German Ablation Registry","volume":"9","author":"Schleberger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res Perspect"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B588","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"euae043","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae043","article-title":"2024 European Heart Rhythm Association\/Heart Rhythm Society\/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society\/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation","volume":"26","author":"Tzeis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B589","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.067544","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation: why are we hiding reality?","volume":"149","author":"Reiffel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1991.tb04150.x","article-title":"The interaction of antiarrhythmic drugs and the energy for cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation","volume":"14","author":"Guarnieri","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B591","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104262","article-title":"Atria-selective antiarrhythmic drugs in need of alliance partners","volume":"145","author":"Peyronnet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01923-3","article-title":"Recent advances in antiarrhythmic drug therapy","volume":"83","author":"Saljic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B593","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.04.082","article-title":"Etripamil nasal spray for rapid conversion of supraventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm","volume":"72","author":"Stambler","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B594","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e010915","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.122.010915","article-title":"First Randomized, multicenter, placebo-controlled study of self-administered intranasal etripamil for acute conversion of spontaneous paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (NODE-301)","volume":"15","author":"Stambler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e028227","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.028227","article-title":"Etripamil nasal spray for conversion of repeated spontaneous episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia during long-term follow-up: results from the NODE-302 study","volume":"12","author":"Ip","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B596","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00776-6","article-title":"Self-administered intranasal etripamil using a symptom-prompted, repeat-dose regimen for atrioventricular-nodal-dependent supraventricular tachycardia (RAPID): a multicentre, randomised trial","volume":"402","author":"Stambler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B597","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.123.012567","article-title":"Multicenter, phase 2, randomized controlled study of the efficacy and safety of etripamil nasal spray for the acute reduction of rapid ventricular rate in patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation (ReVeRA-201)","volume":"16","author":"Camm","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B598","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e010204","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.121.010204","article-title":"Open-label, multicenter study of flecainide acetate oral inhalation solution for acute conversion of recent-onset, symptomatic atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm","volume":"15","author":"Crijns","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B599","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2024.02.021","article-title":"Orally inhaled flecainide for conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm: INSTANT phase 2 trial","volume":"10","author":"Ruskin","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ehae666.519","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae666.519","article-title":"Flecainide acetate inhalation solution for cardioversion of recent-onset, symptomatic atrial fibrillation: results of the phase 3 RESTORE-1 trial","volume":"45","author":"Rienstra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00749","article-title":"Inhibition of KCa2 channels decreased the risk of ventricular arrhythmia in the guinea pig heart during induced hypokalemia","volume":"11","author":"Diness","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B602","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00159","article-title":"The KCa2 channel inhibitor AP30663 selectively increases atrial refractoriness, converts vernakalant-resistant atrial fibrillation and prevents its reinduction in conscious pigs","volume":"11","author":"Diness","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.12835","article-title":"First clinical study with AP30663\u2014a KCa 2 channel inhibitor in development for conversion of atrial fibrillation","volume":"13","author":"Gal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Transl Sci"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B604","author":"Acesion Pharma"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B605","first-page":"A11495","article-title":"HBI-3000: a novel drug for conversion of atrial fibrillation\u2014phase 1 study results","volume":"140","author":"Mason","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0b013e3181ffe8b3","article-title":"Electrophysiological properties of HBI-3000: a new antiarrhythmic agent with multiple-channel blocking properties in human ventricular myocytes","volume":"57","author":"Guo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B607","first-page":"1764","article-title":"Inverse remodelling of K2P3.1 K+ channel expression and action potential duration in left ventricular dysfunction and atrial fibrillation: implications for patient-specific antiarrhythmic drug therapy","volume":"38","author":"Schmidt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab177","article-title":"Treatment of atrial fibrillation with doxapram: TASK-1 potassium channel inhibition as a novel pharmacological strategy","volume":"118","author":"Wiedmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B609","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638445","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.638445","article-title":"Current drug treatment strategies for atrial fibrillation and TASK-1 inhibition as an emerging novel therapy option","volume":"12","author":"Kraft","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2013.04.002","article-title":"Prevention of atrial fibrillation by bucindolol is dependent on the beta\u2081389 Arg\/Gly adrenergic receptor polymorphism","volume":"1","author":"Aleong","year":"2013","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2019.04.004","article-title":"Bucindolol for the maintenance of sinus rhythm in a genotype-defined HF population: the GENETIC-AF trial","volume":"7","author":"Piccini","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B612","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e009591","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.120.009591","article-title":"Bucindolol decreases atrial fibrillation burden in patients with heart failure and the ADRB1 Arg389Arg genotype","volume":"14","author":"Piccini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B613","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2021.11.005","article-title":"Dose-limiting, adverse event-associated bradycardia with \u03b2-blocker treatment of atrial fibrillation in the GENETIC-AF trial","volume":"3","author":"Abraham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm O2"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B614","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-011-9636-3","article-title":"A randomized trial of budiodarone in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"34","author":"Ezekowitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005300","article-title":"Activation of histone deacetylase-6 induces contractile dysfunction through derailment of \u03b1-tubulin proteostasis in experimental and human atrial fibrillation","volume":"129","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B616","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.723866","article-title":"Vernakalant hydrochloride for rapid conversion of atrial fibrillation: a phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"117","author":"Roy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B617","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.109.870204","article-title":"Vernakalant hydrochloride for the rapid conversion of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"2","author":"Kowey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.06.054","article-title":"Usefulness of vernakalant hydrochloride injection for rapid conversion of atrial fibrillation","volume":"106","author":"Pratt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B619","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.02.035","article-title":"A multicenter, open-label study of vernakalant for the conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm","volume":"159","author":"Stiell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-020-07127-1","article-title":"Pharmacologic cardioversion in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a network meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Tsiachris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B621","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041233","article-title":"Outpatient treatment of recent-onset atrial fibrillation with the \u201cpill-in-the-pocket\u201d approach","volume":"351","author":"Alboni","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B622","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(03)00395-3","article-title":"Safety and feasibility of a clinical pathway for the outpatient initiation of antiarrhythmic medications in patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter","volume":"91","author":"Hauser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.82.2.170","article-title":"An open label, randomised, crossover study comparing sotalol and atenolol in the treatment of symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"82","author":"Steeds","year":"1999","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B624","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.85.4.423","article-title":"Exercise induced widening of the QRS complex in a patient on flecainide","volume":"85","author":"Turner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.10.2535","article-title":"Sex difference in risk of torsade de pointes with d,l-sotalol","volume":"94","author":"Lehmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026031705014825300_euaf076-B626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5273(90)90101-A","article-title":"Combined sotalol and flecainide given at low dosage in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome","volume":"26","author":"G\u00f6ssinger","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Europace"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/europace\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/europace\/euaf076\/62809476\/euaf076.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/europace\/article-pdf\/27\/8\/euaf076\/62809476\/euaf076.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/europace\/article-pdf\/27\/8\/euaf076\/62809476\/euaf076.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T17:03:20Z","timestamp":1773767000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/europace\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/europace\/euaf076\/8100306"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]]},"references-count":626,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/europace\/euaf076","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-5129","1532-2092"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1099-5129","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2092","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]]},"article-number":"euaf076"}}