{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T05:03:14Z","timestamp":1788498194551,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>With the rapid growth of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantations, lead management has become increasingly challenging. Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) is now a primary approach for addressing lead-related complications. However, data on TLE in patients with abandoned leads remain limited. This study evaluates the safety and effectiveness of TLE in patients with abandoned leads.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Consecutive patients undergoing TLE between January 2013 and January 2021 were enrolled and stratified into two groups: those with abandoned leads presence (Group 1) and those with active leads only (Group 2). The primary safety endpoint was major complications, and the effectiveness endpoint was clinical success of lead extraction. Among 1109 patients (median age 68 years; 70.7% male), 293 (26.4%) had abandoned leads (Group 1), while 816 (73.6%) did not (Group 2). A total of 2222 leads were extracted. Group 1 exhibited a higher number of leads per patient [2.0 (2.0\u20133.0) vs. 2.0 (2.0\u20132.0), P &amp;lt; 0.001], longer dwell time of the oldest lead [120.0 (72.0\u2013174.0) vs. 48.0 (16.0\u201396.0) months, P &amp;lt; 0.001], a higher prevalence of CIED infection (94.9 vs. 87.4%, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and venous stenosis (51.5 vs. 38.8%, P = 0.001), and a higher proportion of MB scores \u22655 (45.1 vs. 15.0%, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and EROS 3 stratification (23.2 vs. 5.0%, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Clinical success was achieved in 1080 patients (97.4%), with major complications observed in 19 patients (1.7%). No significant differences were found between groups in major complication rates (2.4 vs. 1.5%, P = 0.299) or clinical success rates (96.2 vs. 97.8%, P = 0.154). Group 1 had lower manual traction success rate (8.9 vs. 37.5%, P &amp;lt; 0.001), required more advanced tools or multi-venous approaches (8.5 vs. 3.2%, P &amp;lt; 0.001), and showed higher rate of surgical extraction (3.1 vs. 1.1%, P = 0.030) and emergency thoracotomy (1.4 vs. 0.1%, P = 0.019). The dwell time of the oldest lead and number of leads removed mediated procedural risks. Multivariate analysis identified the dwell time of the oldest lead [odds ratio (OR) 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08\u20131.21, P &amp;lt; 0.001] and the number of leads removed (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.29\u20133.21, P = 0.002) as independent predictors of failure. Similarly, the dwell time of the oldest lead (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07\u20131.18, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and the number of leads removed (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.04\u20132.28, P = 0.033) independently predicted complications.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Transvenous lead extraction in patients with abandoned leads is characterized by clinical feasibility and effectiveness. However, the presence of abandoned leads is associated with increased procedural complexity, necessitating more frequent utilization of advanced extraction tools. The adverse consequences provide a clinical rationale for prophylactic removal of non-functional leads.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaf109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T07:43:58Z","timestamp":1748418238000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Procedural outcomes of transvenous lead extraction in patients with abandoned leads: experience from a large single centre"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jingliang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital , No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ding","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital , No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital , No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangbo","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital , No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Ze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital , No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuizhen","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital , No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuncao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital , No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinshan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital , No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital , No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hypertension, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital , No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuebin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital , No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082908565845400_euaf109-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii1","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eux258","article-title":"A decade of information on the use of cardiac implantable electronic devices and interventional electrophysiological procedures in the European Society of Cardiology countries: 2017 report from the European Heart Rhythm Association","volume":"19","author":"Raatikainen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025082908565845400_euaf109-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.07.017","article-title":"Trends in permanent pacemaker implantation in the United States from 1993 to 2009: increasing complexity of patients and procedures","volume":"60","author":"Greenspon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025082908565845400_euaf109-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2017.09.001","article-title":"2017 HRS expert consensus statement on cardiovascular implantable electronic device lead management and extraction","volume":"14","author":"Kusumoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2025082908565845400_euaf109-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx080","article-title":"The European Lead Extraction ConTRolled (ELECTRa) study: a European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) registry of transvenous lead extraction outcomes","volume":"38","author":"Bongiorni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2025082908565845400_euaf109-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.04.033","article-title":"16-year trends in the infection burden for pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in the United States 1993 to 2008","volume":"58","author":"Greenspon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025082908565845400_euaf109-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eup375","article-title":"Deaths and cardiovascular injuries due to device-assisted implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and pacemaker lead 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ESC EHRA EORP European lead extraction ConTRolled ELECTRa registry analysis","volume":"23","author":"Sidhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025082908565845400_euaf109-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2016.06.009","article-title":"Cardiac implantable electronic device infections: added complexity and suboptimal outcomes with previously abandoned leads","volume":"3","author":"Hussein","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025082908565845400_euaf109-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaa134","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of transvenous mechanical lead extraction in patients with abandoned leads","volume":"22","author":"Segreti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2025082908565845400_euaf109-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"euad316","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euad316","article-title":"Comparison of non-laser and laser 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