{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T16:04:23Z","timestamp":1792339463781,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite being the most effective option for maintaining sinus rhythm, atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation reaches few patients. For this reason, identifying candidates with the highest likelihood of success or individualizing counselling to a specific patient to improve procedural outcome could enhance clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To integrate machine learning (ML) into an outcome prediction model based on a large cohort of AF patients undergoing pulsed field ablation (PFA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consecutive AF patients undergoing transcatheter PFA between June 2022 and December 2024 were prospectively enrolled in the ATHENA registry. All procedures were performed with a penta-splines 12F over-the-wire PFA catheter (FARAWAVE\u2122, Boston Scientific). Clinical and procedural variables were collected to train five predictive models estimating 1 year arrhythmic recurrence; model interpretability was assessed using SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 1688 AF patients with a median follow-up of 365 days (interquartile range 202-393), arrhythmic recurrence occurred in 314 patients (18.6%). The Boruta algorithm identified diagnosis-to-ablation time (DAT), CHA\u2082DS\u2082-VASc score, age, and body mass index (BMI) as most significant predictors. Among the five ML models developed to predict 1 year arrhythmic recurrence probability, Random Forest achieved the best performance (AUC = 0.75, 95% CI 0.69-0.82). SHAP analysis confirmed DAT, BMI, and indexed left atrial volume as major contributors to recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first ML model exclusively trained and validated on AF patients undergoing PFA providing actionable insights for personalized treatment planning. Routine use of the model holds the potential to optimize patient selection and improve procedural outcome, supporting individualized counselling and outcome-driven care pathways, moving from static to interactive risk prediction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Advanced TecHnologies For SuccEssful AblatioN of AF in Clinical Practice (ATHENA). URL: http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ Identifier: NCT05617456<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euag053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T12:57:49Z","timestamp":1773838669000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Machine learning prediction of outcome following pulsed-field atrial fibrillation ablation: patient selection and risk factors"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6311-4270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Anselmino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, \u2018Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino\u2019 Hospital , Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin , Turin ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2307-8105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular Sciences, Ospedale Isola Tiberina\u2014Gemelli Isola , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8222-3977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffele","family":"De Lucia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, Pisa University Hospital , Pisa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8500-8313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Tondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Electrophysiology & Cardiac Pacing, Monzino Cardiological Center, IRCCS , Milan ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan , Milan ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2131-1110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saverio","family":"Iacopino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology, Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4179-9050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Solimene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Montevergine Clinic, Mercogliano, AV ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University , Ancona ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Rossillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrophysiology and Cardiac Pacing, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5285-7140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Bertini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, University of Ferrara, Sant\u2019Anna University Hospital , Ferrara ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7998-7113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakis","family":"Themistoclakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Dell' Angelo Hospital, Mestre, VE ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8526-4472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Meynet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrophysiology and Cardiac Pacing, Degli Infermi Hospital, Rivoli, TO ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9664-0825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrophysiology and Cardiac Pacing, San Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7737-421X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Dello Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University , Ancona ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Cardiology and Arrhythmology Clinic, Marche University Hospital , Ancona ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Zingarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, S. 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