{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T23:15:00Z","timestamp":1788909300155,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013263","name":"Norwegian Health Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013263","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"South-Eastern Norway regional health","award":["#2014109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2014109"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norwegian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ProCardio","award":["#309762"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#309762"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effect of primary prevention ICD (ppICD) in non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains debated. We investigated long-term outcomes and the incidence of ppICD therapy in patients with DCM and ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), comparing implants before and after 2017.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively included ppICD patients from the multicentre IMPROVE study (2014\u20132022) with DCM and ICM. All underwent ECG and echocardiography at baseline. The primary outcome was appropriate ICD therapy; the secondary outcome was all-cause mortality. Outcomes were compared pre- and post-2017 in DCM and ICM patients. Among 393 ppICD patients (median age 66, 15% female), 115 had DCM (66 post-2017, 49 pre-2017) and 278 had ICM (165 post-2017, 113 pre-2017). DCM post-2017 patients were younger (54 vs. 64 years, P &amp;lt; 0.01) and had a higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (33% vs. 24%, P &amp;lt; 0.001) compared to DCM pre-2017 patients. Nevertheless, ICD therapy [4.0 vs. 3.1\/100 person-years (PY), P = 0.57] and all-cause mortality rates (2.0 vs. 4.7\/100 PY, P = 0.09) were similar. ICM post-2017 patients had a slightly higher LVEF (31% vs. 29%, P = 0.04), fewer ICD therapies (3.1 vs. 6.2\/100 PY, P = 0.01), and similar mortality rates (6.3 vs. 8.3\/100 PY, P = 0.18) compared to pre-2017.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patient selection for ppICD in DCM changed post-2017, with a shift towards younger patients and better LVEF compared to those implanted pre-2017; however, appropriate ICD therapy and all-cause mortality rates remained unchanged. In ICM, lower ICD therapy rates post-2017 may reflect improvement in revascularization and heart failure treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02286908<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euag062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T11:34:26Z","timestamp":1775561666000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Temporal trends in the primary prevention of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator selection and long-term outcomes in patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy and ischaemic cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0540-4787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thuy Mi","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ProCardio Center for Innovation, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital , Rikshospitalet Sognsvannsveien 20, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo NO-0424 ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , PO Box 1171 Blindern, Oslo 0318 ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Southern Norway , Kristiansand 4604 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0678-2077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Melichova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ProCardio Center for Innovation, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital , Rikshospitalet Sognsvannsveien 20, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo NO-0424 ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , PO Box 1171 Blindern, Oslo 0318 ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Southern Norway , Kristiansand 4604 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eivind Westrum","family":"Aabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ProCardio Center for Innovation, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital , Rikshospitalet Sognsvannsveien 20, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo NO-0424 ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , PO Box 1171 Blindern, Oslo 0318 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9325-9614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivar Mj\u00e5land","family":"Salte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , PO Box 1171 Blindern, Oslo 0318 ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Southern Norway , Kristiansand 4604 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6388-581X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Gjertsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital , Vestre Viken HF, PO Box 800, Drammen 3004 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geir","family":"Heggelund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of North Norway HF , Postboks 100, Troms\u00f8 9038 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3316-1295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d8yunn","family":"Kleiven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Southern Norway , Kristiansand 4604 ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Helse Stavanger HF , Postboks 8100, Stavanger 4068 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Brunvand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ProCardio Center for Innovation, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital , Rikshospitalet Sognsvannsveien 20, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo NO-0424 ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Southern Norway , Kristiansand 4604 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3800-765X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thor","family":"Edvardsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ProCardio Center for Innovation, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital , Rikshospitalet Sognsvannsveien 20, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo NO-0424 ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , PO Box 1171 Blindern, Oslo 0318 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4900-0453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Haugaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ProCardio Center for Innovation, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital , Rikshospitalet Sognsvannsveien 20, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo NO-0424 ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , PO Box 1171 Blindern, Oslo 0318 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042806362512000_euag062-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2020.07.035","article-title":"Comparison of mortality and readmission in non-ischemic versus ischemic cardiomyopathy after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator 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