{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T04:32:05Z","timestamp":1783139525734,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Rigshospitalet\u2014Copenhagen University Hospital","award":["E-23781\u201311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-23781\u201311"]}]},{"name":"Health Donations","award":["2024-0509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-0509"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED)-related infective endocarditis (IE) presents distinct diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its unique characteristics and limited evidence supporting guidelines compared with left-sided valvular IE. We aimed to examine clinical characteristics, treatment, and mortality in patients with CIED-related IE vs. left-sided valvular IE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included patients with first-time IE using nationwide data from the NatIonal Danish endocarditis StUdieS (NIDUS) registry (2016\u20132021) and categorized them into isolated CIED-related IE without concomitant valvular IE and left-sided valvular IE. A total of 340 patients with isolated CIED-related IE and 2510 patients with left-sided IE were included. Patients with CIED-related IE vs. left-sided IE were older (76.1 vs. 73.2 years), and a higher proportion were males (78.5% vs. 65.9%), had diabetes (32.9% vs. 21.9%), heart failure (46.2% vs. 11.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (37.1% vs. 30.7%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (11.2% vs. 6.4%), and culture-negative IE (12.1% vs. 7.8%). However, fever at admission was lower in CIED-related IE (55.4% vs. 61.5%). Cardiac implantable electronic device removal was performed in 78.2% of patients with CIED-related IE. The 6-month cumulative incidence of mortality was 20.4% (95% CI: 16.2\u201324.9%) in CIED-related IE and 26.8% (95% CI: 25.1\u201328.6%) in left-sided IE (P = 0.009). In a multivariable Cox regression model, CIED-related IE was associated with lower 6-month mortality compared with left-sided IE (adjusted HR: 0.52 [95% CI: 0.40\u20130.68], P &amp;lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this nationwide study, patients with CIED-related IE were distinctly different from those with left-sided IE. Staphylococci were more prevalent, and despite higher age and differences in comorbidities, mortality was lower.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euag075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T11:42:15Z","timestamp":1775648535000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes in CIED-related vs. left-sided infective endocarditis: a nationwide study from the NIDUS registry"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0455-4409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amna","family":"Alhakak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet , Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1231-6283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter Laursen","family":"Graversen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet , Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3763-6777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katra","family":"Hadji-Turdeghal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet , Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2873-5845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob Eifer","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet , Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Research Unit of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5026-9193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niels Eske","family":"Bruun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital , Roskilde ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University , Aalborg ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2352-1469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne-Christine","family":"Ruwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet , Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1217-8944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter Godsk","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Herlev and Gentofte , Herlev ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1057-8095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas Dalsgaard","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University 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H\u00f8toft","family":"Bengtsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital , Roskilde ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0851-4669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie Vuong","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital , Roskilde ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0504-8487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kasper Karmark","family":"Iversen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Herlev and Gentofte , Herlev 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Holdgaard","family":"Smerup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7192-0144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jannik","family":"Helweg-Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0563-7049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henning","family":"Bundgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet , Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen 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