{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:58:35Z","timestamp":1790211515736,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":338,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In children with structurally normal hearts, the mechanisms of arrhythmias are usually the same as in the adult patient. Some arrhythmias are particularly associated with young age and very rarely seen in adult patients. Arrhythmias in structural heart disease may be associated either with the underlying abnormality or result from surgical intervention. Chronic haemodynamic stress of congenital heart disease (CHD) might create an electrophysiological and anatomic substrate highly favourable for re-entrant arrhythmias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>As a general rule, prescription of antiarrhythmic drugs requires a clear diagnosis with electrocardiographic documentation of a given arrhythmia. Risk\u2013benefit analysis of drug therapy should be considered when facing an arrhythmia in a child.\u00a0Prophylactic antiarrhythmic drug therapy is given only to protect the child from recurrent supraventricular tachycardia during this time span until the disease will eventually cease spontaneously.\u00a0In the last decades, radiofrequency catheter ablation is progressively used as curative therapy for tachyarrhythmias in children and patients with or without CHD. Even in young children, procedures can be performed with high success rates and low complication rates as shown by several retrospective and prospective paediatric multi-centre studies. Three-dimensional mapping and non-fluoroscopic navigation techniques and enhanced catheter technology have further improved safety and efficacy even in CHD patients with complex arrhythmias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>During last decades, cardiac devices (pacemakers and implantable cardiac defibrillator) have developed rapidly. The pacing generator size has diminished and the pacing leads have become progressively thinner. These developments have made application of cardiac pacing in children easier although no dedicated paediatric pacing systems exist.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eut082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,12]],"date-time":"2013-07-12T23:25:38Z","timestamp":1373671538000},"page":"1337-1382","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":343,"title":["Pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy for arrhythmias in the pediatric population: EHRA and AEPC-Arrhythmia Working Group joint consensus statement"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Josep","family":"Brugada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u-Hospital Cl\u00ednic 1 Paediatric Arrhythmia Unit, Cardiology Department , , , 08036 Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"University of Barcelona 1 Paediatric Arrhythmia Unit, Cardiology Department , , , 08036 Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Blom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center and Academical Medical Center Amsterdam 2 Department of Pediatric Cardiology , , 2300 RC Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Sarquella-Brugada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u 3 Paediatric Arrhythmia Unit, Cardiology Department , , , 08950 Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"University of Barcelona 3 Paediatric Arrhythmia Unit, Cardiology Department , , , 08950 Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Blomstrom-Lundqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala University 4 Department of Cardiology , , s-75236 Uppsala ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Deanfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Great Ormond Street Hospital 5 Cardiothoracic Unit , , Great Ormond Street, WC1N 3JH London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Janousek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Heart Centre 6 , , 15006 Prague ,","place":["Czech Republic"]},{"name":"University Hospital Motol 6 , , 15006 Prague ,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic","family":"Abrams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital 7 Cardiac Electrophysiology Division, Department of Cardiology , , Boston, 02115 MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urs","family":"Bauersfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t, Kinderspital Z\u00fcrich 8 , 8032 Z\u00fcrich","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":", 8 , 8032 Z\u00fcrich","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramon","family":"Brugada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica Girona-IdIBGi 9 , 17003 Girona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Drago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bambino Ges\u00f9 Pediatric Hospital and Research Institute 10 Arrhythmia Unit, Pediatric Cardiology and Heart Surgery Department , , Palidoro, 00055 Fiumicino ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasja","family":"de Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasmus MC 11 Department of Cardiology , , 3015 Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juha-Matti","family":"Happonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital 12 Department of Pediatric Cardiology , , , 00290 Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital 12 Department of Pediatric Cardiology , , , 00290 Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Hebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Electrophysiology 13 , 28277 Bremen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siew","family":"Yen Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London 14 Cardiac Morphology Unit , ,","place":["SW3 6NP, UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eloi","family":"Marijon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paris Cardiovascular Research Center 15 , Inserm U970 , , 75908 Paris ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"European Georges Pompidou Hospital 15 , Inserm U970 , , 75908 Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Childre\u0144s University Hospital 16 Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine , , , 37099 G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Georg-August-University 16 Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine , , , 37099 G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Pfammatter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bern 17 Pedriatic cardiology , , 3010 Bern 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