{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:05:25Z","timestamp":1791889525131,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,30]],"date-time":"2017-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major worldwide public health problem, and AF in association with valvular heart disease (VHD) is also common. However, management strategies for this group of patients have been less informed by randomized trials, which have largely focused on \u2018non-valvular AF\u2019 patients. Thrombo-embolic risk also varies according to valve lesion and may also be associated with CHA2DS2VASc score risk factor components, rather than only the valve disease being causal. Given marked heterogeneity in the definition of valvular and non-valvular AF and variable management strategies, including non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in patients with VHD other than prosthetic heart valves or haemodynamically significant mitral valve disease, there is a need to provide expert recommendations for professionals participating in the care of patients presenting with AF and associated VHD. To address this topic, a Task Force was convened by the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Working Group on Thrombosis, with representation from the ESC Working Group on Valvular Heart Disease, Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), South African Heart (SA Heart) Association and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulaci\u00f3n Card\u00edaca y Electrofisiolog\u00eda (SOLEACE) with the remit to comprehensively review the published evidence, and to publish a joint consensus document on the management of patients with AF and associated VHD, with up-to-date consensus recommendations for clinical practice for different forms of VHD. This consensus document proposes that the term \u2018valvular AF\u2019 is outdated and given that any definition ultimately relates to the evaluated practical use of oral anticoagulation (OAC) type, we propose a functional Evaluated Heartvalves, Rheumatic or Artificial (EHRA) categorization in relation to the type of OAC use in patients with AF, as follows: (i) EHRA Type 1 VHD, which refers to AF patients with \u2018VHD needing therapy with a Vitamin K antagonist (VKA); and (ii) EHRA Type 2 VHD, which refers to AF patients with \u2018VHD needing therapy with a VKA or a Non-VKA oral anticoagulant (NOAC)\u2019, also taking into consideration CHA2DS2VASc score risk factor components. This consensus document also summarizes current developments in the field, and provides general recommendations for the management of these patients based on the principles of evidence-based medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eux240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]],"date-time":"2018-01-17T12:25:00Z","timestamp":1516191900000},"page":"1757-1758","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"title":["Antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation associated with valvular heart disease: a joint consensus document from the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) and European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis, endorsed by the ESC Working Group on Valvular Heart Disease, Cardiac Arrhythmia Society of Southern Africa (CASSA), Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), South African Heart (SA Heart) Association and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulaci\u00f3n Card\u00edaca y Electrofisiolog\u00eda (SOLEACE)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Gregory Y H","family":"Lip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham and Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark (Chair, representing EHRA)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Philippe","family":"Collet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 Paris 6, ACTION Study Group, Institut De Cardiologie, Groupe H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9-Salpetri\u00e8re (APHP), INSERM UMRS 1166, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaele de","family":"Caterina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiology, \u2018G. D'Annunzio\u2019 University, Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Fauchier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Trousseau et Facult\u00e9 de Medicinde, Universit\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ois Rabelais, Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deirdre A","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; and Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torben B","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thrombosis Research Unit,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Marin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joao","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Leiria Hospital Centre, Leiria, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calambur","family":"Narasimhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Care Hospital, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Olshansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mercy Hospital, Mason City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Pierard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital 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