{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:43:53Z","timestamp":1787496233877,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,20]],"date-time":"2019-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sean Roy Johnson memorial heart fund"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006823","name":"Boston Children\u2019s Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recurrent atrial tachycardia is common after repair of many types of congenital heart disease, and surgical ablation with a maze procedure represents a potential treatment strategy. The objective of this study is to report a single-centre 19 years\u2019 experience with maze surgery in congenital heart patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients undergoing maze procedure concomitantly with cardiac surgical procedures were retrospectively analysed. The maze procedure was classified as therapeutic if the patient demonstrated preoperative atrial arrhythmias, or as prophylactic if done because the patient was considered high risk for post-operative arrhythmias. Acute outcomes and longer-term freedom from atrial arrhythmias were analysed. Maze surgery was performed in 166 patients: 137 in the therapeutic group, and 29 in the prophylactic group. The most common congenital heart lesion was single ventricle for the therapeutic group (27%) and Ebstein\u2019s anomaly for the prophylactic group (76%). Surgery consisted of a right atrial maze in 63%, left atrial maze in 4%, and bilateral maze in 33%. There were no direct complications or mortality related to the maze procedure itself. For the therapeutic group, freedom from arrhythmias was 82% and 67% at 1 and 5\u2009years post-maze. Younger age at the time of surgery correlated with a lower long-term recurrence risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maze procedure at the time of an elective anatomic surgery is reasonably effective to prevent and treat atrial arrhythmias in patients with congenital heart disease at short- and mid-term, with low morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euz056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]],"date-time":"2019-03-25T16:22:21Z","timestamp":1553530941000},"page":"1345-1352","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Long-term results of atrial maze surgery in patients with congenital heart disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"M Cecilia","family":"Gonzalez Corcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Catholic UNiversity of Louvai, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward P","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrophysiology Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sitaram","family":"Emani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019091011534825400_euz056-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.592410","article-title":"Congenital heart disease for the adult cardiologist: arrhythmias in adult patients with congenital heart disease","volume":"115","author":"Walsh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019091011534825400_euz056-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3224","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.655753","article-title":"Interventional cardiac electrophysiology in patients with congenital heart disease","volume":"115","author":"Walsh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019091011534825400_euz056-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.000313","article-title":"Advances in arrhythmia and electrophysiology: update on interventional electrophysiology in congenital heart disease: evolving solutions for complex hearts","volume":"6","author":"Sherwin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2019091011534825400_euz056-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(02)02480-3","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors for atrial fibrillation and intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia among patients with congenital heart disease","volume":"90","author":"Kirsh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2019091011534825400_euz056-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00252-0","article-title":"Efficacy of radiofrequency ablation for control of intraatrial reentrant tachycardia in patients with congenital heart disease","volume":"30","author":"Triedman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2019091011534825400_euz056-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2014.07.026","article-title":"Prophylactic atrial arrhythmia surgical procedures with congenital heart operations: reviews and recommendations","volume":"99","author":"Mavroudis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2019091011534825400_euz056-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.10.046","article-title":"Right-sided Maze procedure for atrial tachyarrhythmias in congenital heart disease","volume":"81","author":"Stulak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2019091011534825400_euz056-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000025876.82336.26","article-title":"Comparison of anatomic isthmus block with the modified right atrial maze procedure for late atrial tachycardia in Fontan patients","volume":"106","author":"Deal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2019091011534825400_euz056-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00914-X","article-title":"Impact of arrhythmia circuit cryoablation during Fontan conversion for refractory atrial tachycardia","volume":"83","author":"Deal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2019091011534825400_euz056-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2007.06.019","article-title":"Surgical treatment of arrhythmias in adults with congenital heart defects","volume":"129","author":"Giamberti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2019091011534825400_euz056-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(97)01193-4","article-title":"Right sided maze procedure for right atrial arrhythmias in congenital heart disease","volume":"65","author":"Theodoro","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2019091011534825400_euz056-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2011.02062.x","article-title":"The electroanatomic mechanisms of atrial tachycardia in patients with tetralogy of Fallot and double outlet right ventricle","volume":"22","author":"Mah","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2019091011534825400_euz056-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(03)01055-9","article-title":"Modification to the Fontan procedure for the prophylaxis of intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia: short-term results of a prospective randomized blinded trial","volume":"127","author":"Collins","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2019091011534825400_euz056-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004478.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.116.004478","article-title":"Follow-up of a prospective surgical strategy to prevent intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia after the Fontan operation","volume":"9","author":"Law","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2019091011534825400_euz056-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.05.009","article-title":"PACES\/HRS Expert Consensus Statement on the recognition and management of arrhythmias in adult congenital heart disease","volume":"11","author":"Khairy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2019091011534825400_euz056-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.21037\/tp.2016.06.04","article-title":"Prophylactic arrhythmia surgery in association with congenital heart disease","volume":"5","author":"Mavroudis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl Pediatr"},{"key":"2019091011534825400_euz056-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eux380","article-title":"Arrhythmias in congenital heart disease: a position paper of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Working Group on Grown-up Congenital heart disease, endorsed by HRS, PACES, APHRS, and SOLAECE","volume":"20","author":"Hern\u00b4ndez-Madrid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2019091011534825400_euz056-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.04.061","article-title":"Outcome of intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia, catheter ablation in adults with congenital heart disease: negative impact of age and complex atrial surgery","volume":"56","author":"Yap","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["EP Europace"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/europace\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/europace\/euz056\/28488592\/euz056.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/europace\/article-pdf\/21\/9\/1345\/29581832\/euz056.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T12:27:22Z","timestamp":1568118442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/europace\/article\/21\/9\/1345\/5475450"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/europace\/euz056","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-5129","1532-2092"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1099-5129","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2092","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]]}}}