{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T04:57:50Z","timestamp":1768971470776,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries mandated staying at home to reduce transmission. This study examined the association between living arrangements (house occupancy numbers) and outcomes in COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Study population was drawn from the COPE study, a multicentre cohort study. House occupancy was defined as: living alone; living with one other person; living with multiple other people; or living in a nursing\/residential home. Outcomes were time from admission to mortality and discharge (Cox regression), and Day 28 mortality (logistic regression) analyses were adjusted for key comorbidities and covariates including admission: age, sex, smoking, heart failure, admission C-reactive protein (CRP), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate, frailty and others.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 1584 patients were included from 13 hospitals across UK and Italy: 676 (42.7%) were female, 907 (57.3%) were male, median age was 74\u2009years (range: 19\u2013101). At 28\u2009days, 502 (31.7%) had died. Median admission CRP was 67, 82, 79.5 and 83\u2009mg\/l for those living alone, with someone else, in a house of multiple occupancy and in a nursing\/residential home, respectively. Compared to living alone, living with anyone was associated with increased mortality: within a couple [adjusted hazard ratios (aHR)\u2009=\u20091.39, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.09\u20131.77, P\u2009=\u20090.007]; living in a house of multiple occupancy (aHR\u2009=\u20091.67, 95% CI 1.17\u20132.38, P\u2009=\u20090.005); and living in a residential home (aHR\u2009=\u20091.36, 95% CI 1.03\u20131.80, P\u2009=\u20090.031).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>For patients hospitalized with COVID-19, those living with one or more people had an increased association with mortality, they also exhibited higher CRP indicating increased disease severity suggesting they delayed seeking care.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckab085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T19:10:23Z","timestamp":1621019423000},"page":"133-139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Multiple house occupancy is associated with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Eilidh","family":"Bruce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1401-0181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terence J","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Verduri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia - Hospital Policlinico Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Vilches-Moraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salford Royal NHS Trust, Salford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angeline","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester University, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aine","family":"McGovern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ysbyty Ystrad Fawr, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Wales, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7924-1792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Hewitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Moug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3852-6158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phyo K","family":"Myint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK"},{"name":"Department of Medicine for the Elderly, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"COPE Study Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022020200253460800_ckab085-B1","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022020200253460800_ckab085-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ckaa165.428","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaa165.428","article-title":"Public health policies and global COVID-19 outbreak","volume":"30","author":"Komaroff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"2022020200253460800_ckab085-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2760","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15313","article-title":"COVID-19 reinforces the importance of handwashing","volume":"29","author":"Alzyood","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"2022020200253460800_ckab085-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31142-9","article-title":"Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"395","author":"Chu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022020200253460800_ckab085-B5"},{"key":"2022020200253460800_ckab085-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e444","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30146-8","article-title":"The COPE study: COVID-19 in Older PEople\u2014the influence of frailty on survival. 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