{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T22:48:30Z","timestamp":1785797310580,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,11]],"date-time":"2023-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondo Supera COVID-19 CRUE-Santander"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During the COVID-19 lockdown, a large proportion of the women exposed to intimate partner violence had to live with their abusers full-time. This study analyzes the new official complaints that were filed during the lockdown in Spain.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data from the Comprehensive Monitoring System for Cases of Gender Violence from the Ministry of the Interior, Spain. Using logistic regression models, the complaints registered during the lockdown were compared to those registered in the previous year. Subsequently, we analysed association between the seriousness of the incident reported and the period in which the complaint was filed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Official complaints decreased by 19% during the lockdown. The probability of complaints during lockdown mainly increased when victims had a relationship with the abusers [odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u20091.33] and when they lacked social support (OR\u2009=\u20091.22). The probability that the complaints were associated with previous jealousy (OR\u2009=\u20090.87), previous harassment behaviours (OR\u2009=\u20090.88) or the victim\u2019s fear for minors\u2019 safety (OR\u2009=\u20090.87) decreased. In addition, during lockdown increased the probability that the complaints filed were due to incidents of severe physical violence (OR\u2009=\u20091.17); severe psychological violence against women with minors in their charge (OR\u2009=\u20091.22); and severe violence due to threats (OR\u2009=\u20091.53) when the woman had previously suffered harassment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The decrease in new complaints during the studied period and the increase in their severity evidence difficulties in seeking help due to the lockdown. In situations of confinement, it is necessary to design measures that protect women with a lack of social support, and at those who live with the aggressor.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckad014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,11]],"date-time":"2023-02-11T20:11:57Z","timestamp":1676146317000},"page":"536-542","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Intimate partner violence complaints during COVID-19 lockdown in Spain: a cross-sectional and a case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6030-061X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Sanz-Barbero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National School of Public Health, Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) , Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1577-1428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Est\u00e9vez-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology II, University of Alicante , Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9096-3972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"La Parra-Casado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology II, University of Alicante , Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan J","family":"Lopez-Ossorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Secretariat for Security Ministry of Interior , Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6797-5051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Vives-Cases","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) , Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine, Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante , Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023060120110438400_ckad014-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.112804","article-title":"A natural disaster and intimate partner violence: evidence over time","volume":"247","author":"Rao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2023060120110438400_ckad014-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004377","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-004377","article-title":"Natural hazards, disasters and violence against women and girls: a global mixed-methods systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Thurston","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"2023060120110438400_ckad014-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-016-0462-1","article-title":"Intimate partner violence in the great recession","volume":"53","author":"Schneider","year":"2016","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"2023060120110438400_ckad014-B4","first-page":"8862605211015213","article-title":"Intimate partner violence and its mental health implications amid COVID-19 lockdown: findings among Nigerian couples","author":"Ojeahere","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"key":"2023060120110438400_ckad014-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.09.012","article-title":"Alcohol use and mental health status during the first months of COVID-19 pandemic in Australia","volume":"277","author":"Tran","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2023060120110438400_ckad014-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s42506-021-00077-y","article-title":"Intimate partner violence among Arab women before and during the COVID-19 lockdown","volume":"96","author":"El-Nimr","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Egypt Public Health Assoc"},{"key":"2023060120110438400_ckad014-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(02)00038-3","article-title":"A global overview of gender-based violence","volume":"78","author":"Heise","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"2023060120110438400_ckad014-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.11.033","article-title":"Gender based violence and socioeconomic inequalities; 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