{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T08:03:41Z","timestamp":1792224221961,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Cohort of Children"},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020","award":["733001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["733001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Children with major congenital anomalies may be at risk of poor educational outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the educational achievement of children born with major congenital anomalies compared with children without major congenital anomalies in relation to sociodemographic factors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We performed a registry-based study including 401\u00a0544 children in Finland, graduates of the compulsory school who applied to secondary education. We used health data from the Finnish Register of Congenital Malformations for children born from 1995 to 2002 linked with education data from the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture. We used generalized linear regression to compare the mean grade differences of children with specific major congenital anomalies and \u2018All anomalies\u2019 subgroup (major congenital anomalies, chromosomal syndromes, and multiple anomalies) with reference children.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Children with major congenital anomalies were less likely to apply for further education than reference children (88.0% vs. 96.8%; odds ratio\u2009=\u20094.13; 95% confidence interval, 3.92\u20134.36). For most non-chromosomal congenital anomalies, children born with congenital anomalies had similar educational achievement to the reference children. For the \u2018All anomalies\u2019 subgroup, children with congenital anomalies had lower educational achievement than reference children. Among children with congenital anomalies, male sex, lower maternal educational levels and younger maternal age were associated with lower educational achievement.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>For children applying to further education, most non-chromosomal congenital anomalies were not associated with lower educational achievement. Nevertheless, efforts are needed to improve educational achievement in children with major congenital anomalies associated with maternal sociodemographic background.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckad149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T19:19:28Z","timestamp":1692386368000},"page":"1027-1034","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Educational achievement of children with selected major congenital anomalies and associated factors: a Finnish registry-based study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7337-640X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Roustaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Heino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Knowledge Brokers, THL Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Kiuru-Kuhlefelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Knowledge Brokers, THL Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan K","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London , London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana V","family":"Glinianaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ester","family":"Garne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Department, Hospital Lilleb\u00e6lt , Kolding, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Loane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University , Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Rankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8254-7525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mika","family":"Gissler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Knowledge Brokers, THL Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki , Finland"},{"name":"Academic Primary Health Care Centre , Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023120922253794600_ckad149-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e047859","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-047859","article-title":"EUROlinkCAT protocol for a European population-based data linkage study investigating the survival, morbidity and education of children with congenital anomalies","volume":"11","author":"Morris","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2023120922253794600_ckad149-B2","first-page":"231","article-title":"Anesthesia exposure in the young child and long-term cognition: an integrated review","volume":"87","author":"Rosenblatt","year":"2019","journal-title":"AANA J"},{"key":"2023120922253794600_ckad149-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003356","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003356","article-title":"Long-term survival of children born with congenital anomalies: a systematic review and 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