{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:54:40Z","timestamp":1790690080495,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"NWO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Vici 453-16-007\/2735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Vici 453-16-007\/2735"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research","award":["GB-MW 940-38-011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GB-MW 940-38-011"]}]},{"name":"Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research","award":["100-001-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100-001-004"]}]},{"name":"ZonMw Risk Behavior and Dependence","award":["60-60600-97-118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["60-60600-97-118"]}]},{"name":"ZonMw Culture and Health","award":["261-98-710"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["261-98-710"]}]},{"name":"Social Sciences Council","award":["GBMaGW 480-01-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GBMaGW 480-01-006"]}]},{"name":"Social Sciences Council","award":["GB-MaGW 480-07-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GB-MaGW 480-07-001"]}]},{"name":"Social Sciences Council","award":["GB-MaGW 452-04-314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GB-MaGW 452-04-314"]}]},{"name":"Social Sciences Council","award":["GB-MaGW 452-06-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GB-MaGW 452-06-004"]}]},{"name":"Social Sciences Council","award":["175.010.2003.005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["175.010.2003.005"]}]},{"name":"NWO Longitudinal Survey and Panel Funding","award":["481-08-013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["481-08-013"]}]},{"name":"Dutch Ministry of Justice"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000782","name":"European Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure"},{"name":"BBMRI-NL"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007442","name":"Gratama Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020242","name":"Jan Dekker Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Accare Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Young adults in Neither in Employment, Education nor Training (NEET) are at risk of adverse labour market outcomes. Earlier studies often measured NEET status at one time point or compared persistent NEETs with non-NEETs, neglecting other patterns of NEET status. Evidence on early life factors associated with NEET patterns is lacking. This study aims to (i) identify patterns of NEET status over time and (ii) examine whether factors in childhood and adolescence are associated with these patterns.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data were used from 1499 participants of the TRacking Adolescents\u2019 Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS), a Dutch prospective cohort study with 15-year follow-up. NEET status was assessed at ages 19, 22 and 26. Socioeconomic status of parents (SES), intelligence and negative life events were measured at age 11, educational attainment at age 26 and mental health problems at ages 11, 13.5 and 16. Data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Four NEET patterns were identified: (i) non-NEETs (85.2%), (ii) early NEETs (4.5%), (iii) late NEETs (5.7%) and (iv) persistent NEETs (4.5%). Reporting internalizing problems at age 11 was a risk factor for early and late NEETs [odds ratio (OR) 2.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16\u20136.62; OR 5.00, 95% CI 2.22\u201311.3, respectively]. Low parental SES, lower intelligence scores and negative life events (\u22653) were risk factors for persistent NEETs (OR 4.45, 95% CI 2.00\u20139.91; OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94\u20130.98; OR 4.42, 95% CI 1.62\u201312.08, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The results highlight the importance of timing and duration of NEET status and emphasize the need for tailored interventions to prevent specific NEET patterns.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckae025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T13:11:34Z","timestamp":1709644294000},"page":"505-510","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Once in NEET, always in NEET? Childhood and adolescent risk factors for different NEET patterns"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4410-7291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Veldman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1956-1225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sander K R","family":"van Zon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9589-9220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ute","family":"B\u00fcltmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024060817263819500_ckae025-B1","volume-title":"Young People Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET): An Overview in ETF Partner Countries","author":"Bardak","year":"2015"},{"key":"2024060817263819500_ckae025-B2","author":"Carcillo","year":"2015"},{"key":"2024060817263819500_ckae025-B3","year":"2015"},{"key":"2024060817263819500_ckae025-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijer.2023.102198","article-title":"Risk factors of being a youth Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET): a scoping review","volume":"120","author":"Rahmani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Educ Res"},{"key":"2024060817263819500_ckae025-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-021-02212-8","article-title":"The mental health of young people who are not in education, employment, or training: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Gari\u00e9py","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024060817263819500_ckae025-B6","author":"Eurofound","year":"2012"},{"key":"2024060817263819500_ckae025-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/13676260600805671","article-title":"Not so NEET? 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