{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:11:20Z","timestamp":1789103480145,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is a known cause of cervical cancer (CC). Latvia has a high incidence of CC compared with the average incidence in the European Union. This study aims to fill the data gap on the HR-HPV burden in Latvia, providing information on its prevalence and associated factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2021 to April 2022. Participants 25\u201370 years old visiting a general practitioner (general population) or those referred to a colposcopy clinic with changes in their cervical cytology (colposcopy population) collected vaginal self-sample and completed a paper-based questionnaire. Samples were analyzed with Cobas 6800 System (Roche) for HPV16, HPV18 and other HR-HPV (HPV31\/33\/35\/39\/45\/51\/52\/56\/58\/59\/66\/68). Descriptive statistics for categorical variables were performed. The Chi-square test was used to determine for the statistical significance of differences in the proportions of the dependent variable between subgroups of the independent variable. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with positive HR-HPV status. Results were considered statistically significant at P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1274 participants provided a valid sample. The prevalence of any HR-HPV infection was 66.8% in the colposcopy group and 11.0% in the general population. Factors associated with positive HR-HPV status were marital status single\/divorced\/widowed (vs. married\/cohabiting) [adjusted OR (aOR) 2.6; P\u2009=\u20090.003], higher number of lifetime sex partners [aOR 5.1 (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) and 4.0 (P\u2009=\u20090.001)] for six or more and three to five partners in the general population; in the colposcopy group, the statistical significance remained only for Latvian ethnicity (vs. other) (aOR 1.8; P\u2009=\u20090.008) and current smoking (vs. never) (aOR 1.9; P\u2009=\u20090.01).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We documented a comparison to European Union HR-HPV infection burden in Latvia. Any HR-HPV positivity was significantly associated with sexual and other health behavior.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckae075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T11:02:35Z","timestamp":1712919755000},"page":"826-832","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Understanding the high-risk human papillomavirus prevalence and associated factors in the European country with a high incidence of cervical cancer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9541-1045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalija","family":"Berza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradins University , Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9450-5365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana","family":"Zodzika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradins University , Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Gynaecology Department, Riga East Clinical University Hospital , Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anda","family":"Kivite-Urtane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradins University , Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Riga Stradins University , Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Baltzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Registry of Norway , Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alise","family":"Curkste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradins University , Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilva","family":"Pole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Service, National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Riga East University Hospital , Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Nyg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Registry of Norway , Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kersti","family":"P\u00e4rna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu , Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mindaugas","family":"Stankunas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Management, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2055-9421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Tisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu , Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4036-3856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anneli","family":"Uuskula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu , Tartu, 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