{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:27:53Z","timestamp":1787063273677,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Priorities Research Program","award":["NPRP12S-0310-190284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NPRP12S-0310-190284"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008982","name":"Qatar National Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007458","name":"Qatar Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007458","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Preventing local transmission of malaria from imported cases is crucial for achieving and maintaining malaria elimination. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases and assess the distribution of malaria vectors in Qatar. Data from January 2016 to December 2022 on imported malaria, including demographic and epidemiological characteristics, travel-related information, and diagnostic results, were collected and analysed using descriptive statistics. Field surveys conducted in 2021\u201322 collected mosquitoes using various traps across Qatar. The collected samples underwent morphological and molecular characterization at Qatar University. A total of 2693 cases were reported, with a mean incidence of 13.5\/100\u00a0000 population, decreasing from 18.8\/100\u00a0000 in 2016 to 5.5\/100\u00a0000 in 2020. Most cases were Plasmodium vivax (57.4%) followed by P. falciparum (40.4%). The median age was 32.9\u2009\u00b1\u200912.5\u2009years, primarily males (86.7%), expatriates (99.6%) and notified during the hot months (July to September). Cases were mainly imported from the Eastern Mediterranean Region followed by the African and South-East Asia Region with no deaths and indigenous cases. Anopheles stephensi was identified as a widely distributed species, but none carried the Plasmodium pathogen. Despite no reports of local transmission, the presence of An. stephensi and favourable environmental conditions pose a risk in Qatar. Strengthening surveillance for imported malaria and reviewing epidemic protocols are necessary. Conventional field studies are imperative to address knowledge gaps in Anopheles mosquito ecology and biting habits in Qatar, accurately assessing the risk of local malaria transmission to support Qatar\u2019s malaria-free status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckae127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T15:09:33Z","timestamp":1723129773000},"page":"i35-i40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An epidemiological risk assessment of imported malaria cases and potential local transmission in Qatar"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Devendra","family":"Bansal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection and Communicable Diseases Control Department, Ministry of Public Health , Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada","family":"Assaad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University , Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hend Omar","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar , Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muralitharan","family":"Shanmugakonar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University , Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothy","family":"Pacate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection and Communicable Diseases Control Department, Ministry of Public Health , Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khider","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection and Communicable Diseases Control Department, Ministry of Public Health , Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Perumal","family":"Balakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University , Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Redentor Cuizon","family":"Ramiscal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection and Communicable Diseases Control Department, Ministry of Public Health , Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nandakumar","family":"Ganesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection and Communicable Diseases Control Department, Ministry of Public Health , Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha Hammam M A","family":"Al-Shamali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection and Communicable Diseases Control Department, Ministry of Public Health , Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali A","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar , Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waqar","family":"Munir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Section, Communicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Abukhattab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Section, Communicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Schaffner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis Schaffner Consultancy , Riehen,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muna A","family":"Al-Maslamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Section, Communicable Disease Center, Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamad","family":"Eid Al-Romaihi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection and Communicable Diseases Control Department, Ministry of Public Health , Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Al-Thani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection and Communicable Diseases Control Department, Ministry of Public Health , Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Al Khayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University , Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elmoubashar Abd","family":"Farag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection and Communicable Diseases Control Department, Ministry of Public Health , Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B1","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9071431","article-title":"Current epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria, vector control status and malaria elimination prospects in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries","volume":"9","author":"Iqbal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E 2018050","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2018.050","article-title":"Epidemiology of malaria in the state of Qatar, 2008-2015","volume":"10","author":"Farag","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03846-4","article-title":"Residual malaria in Jazan region, southwestern Saudi Arabia: the situation, challenges and climatic drivers of autochthonous malaria","volume":"20","author":"Al-Mekhlafi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2021079","article-title":"Identification and characterisation of mosquitoes from different locations in Qatar in 2017\u20132019","volume":"28","author":"Farag","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9020338","article-title":"Current status and the epidemiology of malaria in the Middle East region and beyond","volume":"9","author":"Al-Awadhi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3417-8","article-title":"Mosquito biodiversity and mosquito-borne viruses in the United Arab Emirates","volume":"12","author":"Camp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.2310\/7060.2004.17059","article-title":"Status of malaria in the Kingdom of Bahrain: a 10-year review","volume":"11","author":"Ismaeel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B9","first-page":"109","article-title":"Sustainable urbanization in the Arabian Gulf Region: problems and challenges","volume":"6","author":"Ramadan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arts Social Sci J"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4236\/jss.2021.92017","article-title":"The abnormal population growth and urban sprawl of an Arabian Gulf city: the case of Abu Dhabi city","volume":"09","author":"Elessawy","year":"2021","journal-title":"JSS"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970694","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.970694","article-title":"Assessing the impact of climate conditions on the distribution of mosquito species in Qatar","volume":"10","author":"Tahir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2019.73","article-title":"Innovative preventive and resilience approaches against Aedes-linked vector-borne arboviral diseases threat and epidemics burden in Gulf Council Countries","volume":"34","author":"Tambo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oman Med J"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1049-6","article-title":"Surveillance of vector-borne diseases in Germany: trends and challenges in the view of disease emergence and climate change","volume":"103(Suppl 1)","author":"Jansen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(15)60944-6","article-title":"Additional records of vector mosquito diversity were collected from Al Khor district of North-eastern Qatar","volume":"5","author":"Kardousha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Dis"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.52004\/JEMCA2021.x001","article-title":"Vectors and vector-borne diseases in Qatar: current status, key challenges and future prospects","volume":"39","author":"Schaffner","year":"2021","journal-title":"JEMC"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B16","author":"Ministry of Planning and Statistics Authority","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-92874-4","volume-title":"Mosquitoes and Their Control","author":"Becker","year":"2010","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B18","first-page":"125","article-title":"Illustrated key to the female Anopheles of Southwestern Asia and Egypt (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"24","author":"Glick","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mosquito Syst"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B19","first-page":"1","author":"Harbach","year":"1988"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B20","volume-title":"The Mosquitoes of Europe\/Les Moustiques d\u2019Europe","author":"Schaffner","year":"2001"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096","article-title":"MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms","volume":"35","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2008.00285.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of imported malaria in Qatar","volume":"16","author":"Al-Kuwari","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/jtm.12110","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of imported malaria in the United Arab Emirates","volume":"21","author":"Nilles","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2017028","article-title":"An outbreak of locally acquired Plasmodium vivax malaria among migrant workers in Oman","volume":"24","author":"Simon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228217","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1228217","article-title":"Vivax malaria: a possible stumbling block for malaria elimination in India","volume":"11","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8870","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27229-z","article-title":"Genetic diversity and transmissibility of imported Plasmodium vivax in Qatar and three countries of origin","volume":"8","author":"Abdelraheem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2019.1639018","article-title":"Molecular surveillance of putative drug resistance markers of antifolate and artemisinin among imported Plasmodium falciparum in Qatar","volume":"113","author":"Bansal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathog Glob Health"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2017.1399234","article-title":"Molecular surveillance of chloroquine drug resistance markers (Pfcrt and Pfmdr1) among imported Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Qatar","volume":"112","author":"Acharya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pathog Glob Health"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05111-6","article-title":"Influx of diverse, drug resistant and transmissible Plasmodium falciparum into a malaria-free setting in Qatar","volume":"20","author":"Al-Rumhi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B31","author":"EMRO Technical Publications Series 34"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12230","article-title":"Mosquito-borne disease surveillance by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","volume":"19","author":"Zeller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-019-0571-3","article-title":"Imported malaria cases in former endemic and non-malaria endemic areas in China: are there differences in case profile and time to response?","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B34","author":"Tackling imported malaria: the elimination endgame","year":"2022"},{"key":"2025011309012618300_ckae127-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03527-8","article-title":"Prevention of re-establishment of malaria: historical perspective and future prospects","volume":"19","author":"Nasir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Malar J"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurpub\/article-pdf\/35\/Supplement_1\/i35\/61415141\/ckae127.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurpub\/article-pdf\/35\/Supplement_1\/i35\/61415141\/ckae127.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T04:01:46Z","timestamp":1736740906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurpub\/article\/35\/Supplement_1\/i35\/7951907"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement_1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/ckae127","relation":{},"ISSN":["1101-1262","1464-360X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1101-1262","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-360X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]}}}