{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T02:43:18Z","timestamp":1791600198509,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"BIOSFER","award":["101071773"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101071773"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012232","name":"Understanding Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012232","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012232","name":"Understanding Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012232","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study examines the long-term physical health impacts of pregnancy outcomes, comparing women who experienced live births to those who had pregnancy losses (miscarriages or stillbirths). While previous research has documented short-term links between pregnancy outcomes and physical health, fewer studies have explored these associations over the long term, particularly considering women\u2019s preconception health. Data were drawn from the Understanding Society Survey [UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS)] from 2009 to 2023. The sample included 2386 women who reported their first pregnancy and were observed over multiple time points, both before and after pregnancy. Physical health was assessed using the Physical Component Summary (PCS) from the 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12) questionnaire. Linear fixed-effects models were used to analyze changes in physical health relative to pregnancy outcomes, adjusting for socioeconomic, demographic, and mental health covariates. The analysis revealed a sharp decline in physical health (PCS score) at the end of pregnancy for both groups, with a more pronounced decline among women experiencing pregnancy losses. Post-pregnancy, these women continued to report lower PCS scores compared to those with live births, particularly in the 2 years following pregnancy. The confounders did not fully explain the observed differences. Pregnancy losses are associated with a significant and lasting decline in women\u2019s physical health, even after controlling for socio-demographic factors. Women who experience losses often report worse health than those transitioning to motherhood, with symptoms potentially including fatigue, pain, and cardiovascular diseases. These findings underscore the importance of long-term health monitoring and support for women following miscarriage or stillbirth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaf013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T12:16:35Z","timestamp":1738325795000},"page":"335-341","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Women\u2019s physical health around live births and pregnancy losses: a longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4272-9233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Di Nallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research , Rostock,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Dondena Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy, Bocconi University , Milan,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.045","article-title":"Evaluation of the quality of life of pregnant women from 2005 to 2015","volume":"214","author":"Morin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0261769","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261769","article-title":"Long term miscarriage-related hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Evidence from a United Kingdom population-based cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Okoth","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2007.00464.x","article-title":"Maternal obesity: pregnancy complications, gestational weight gain and nutrition","volume":"9","author":"Guelinckx","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00836-3","article-title":"Stillbirths: economic and psychosocial consequences","volume":"387","author":"Heazell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1586\/eog.11.14","article-title":"The psychological and social consequences of miscarriage","volume":"6","author":"Van Den Akker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102560","article-title":"Diabetic and hypertensive disorders following early pregnancy loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"Dunne","year":"2024","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S361643","article-title":"Quality of life during pregnancy from 2011 to 2021: systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Boutib","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Womens Health"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00681-4","article-title":"Recurrent miscarriage: evidence to accelerate action","volume":"397","author":"Coomarasamy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"oeac065","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjopen\/oeac065","article-title":"The risk of cardiovascular diseases after miscarriage, stillbirth, and induced abortion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Kyriacou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Open"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-020-01444-0","article-title":"The risk of cardiovascular disease in women after miscarriage, stillbirth, and therapeutic abortion: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Muehlschlegel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1080\/02646830701806313","article-title":"Correlates of miscarriage among young women in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women\u2019s Health","volume":"27","author":"Rowlands","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Reprod Infant Psychol"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-31802009000400002","article-title":"Quality of life, depression and anxiety among pregnant women with previous adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"127","author":"Couto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med J"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei019","article-title":"Misoprostol versus curettage in women with early pregnancy failure: impact on women\u2019s health-related quality of life. A randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Graziosi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12121","article-title":"When mixed methods produce mixed results: integrating disparate findings about miscarriage and women\u2019s wellbeing","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Health Psychol"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-05578-6","article-title":"Longitudinal study of the relationship between number of prior miscarriages or stillbirths and changes in quality of life of pregnant women: the Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study (JECS)","volume":"23","author":"Futakawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2010.202226","article-title":"Pregnancy loss and risk of cardiovascular disease: a prospective population-based cohort study (EPIC-Heidelberg)","volume":"97","author":"Kharazmi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh844","article-title":"Recurrent miscarriage and long-term thrombosis risk: a case\u2013control study","volume":"20","author":"Quenby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02890.x","article-title":"Recurrent miscarriage is associated with a family history of ischaemic heart disease: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"118","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-018-0982-z","article-title":"Quality of life and psychological distress in women with recurrent miscarriage: a comparative study","volume":"16","author":"Tavoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-307563","article-title":"Association between miscarriage and cardiovascular disease in a Scottish cohort","volume":"101","author":"Wagner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B21","first-page":"3307","article-title":"Alteration of vaginal microbiota in patients with unexplained recurrent miscarriage","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwad347","article-title":"Metabolic disorders mediate the relation of miscarriage with cardiovascular diseases","volume":"31","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2012-303237","article-title":"Miscarriage and future maternal cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Oliver-Williams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01632.x","article-title":"Quality of life and acceptability of medical versus surgical management of early pregnancy failure","volume":"115","author":"Harwood","year":"2008","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-018-1955-2","article-title":"Risk factors for miscarriage among women attending an early pregnancy assessment unit (EPAU): a prospective cohort study","volume":"188","author":"San Lazaro Campillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00682-6","article-title":"Miscarriage matters: the epidemiological, physical, psychological, and economic costs of early pregnancy loss","volume":"397","author":"Quenby","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61786-8","article-title":"Induced abortion: incidence and trends worldwide from 1995 to 2008","volume":"379","author":"Sedgh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm035","article-title":"Pregnancy loss among pregnancies conceived through assisted reproductive technology, United States, 1999-2002","volume":"165","author":"Farr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt063","article-title":"Children born after unplanned pregnancies and cognitive development at 3 years: social differentials in the United Kingdom millennium cohort","volume":"178","author":"De La Rochebrochard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003","article-title":"A 12-item short-form health survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity","volume":"34","author":"Ware","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2002.tb00182.x","article-title":"The SF-12 in the Australian population: cross-validation of item selection","volume":"26","author":"Sanderson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.02.007","article-title":"Are we reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and improving the quality of life through preventive health care? Results of a population-based study in South Australia","volume":"99","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Chica","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050312116671725","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312116671725","article-title":"SF-36 total score as a single measure of health-related quality of life: scoping review","volume":"4","author":"Lins","year":"2016","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0271288","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0271288","article-title":"Detecting underreporters of abortions and miscarriages in the national study of family growth, 2011\u20132015","volume":"17","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/sifp.12068","article-title":"Effect of ACASI on reporting of abortion and other pregnancy outcomes in the US national survey of family growth","volume":"49","author":"Lindberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stud Fam Plann"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1136\/medhum-2012-010284","article-title":"\u2018Miscarriage or abortion?\u2019 Understanding the medical language of pregnancy loss in Britain; a historical perspective","volume":"39","author":"Moscrop","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Humanit"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/padr.12403","article-title":"A little bit pregnant? Productive ambiguity and fertility research","volume":"47","author":"Bell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Popul Dev Rev"},{"key":"2025042409264338000_ckaf013-B38","author":"V\u00e4is\u00e4nen","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurpub\/article-pdf\/35\/2\/335\/61851087\/ckaf013.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurpub\/article-pdf\/35\/2\/335\/61851087\/ckaf013.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T13:26:52Z","timestamp":1745501212000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurpub\/article\/35\/2\/335\/8009072"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaf013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1101-1262","1464-360X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1101-1262","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-360X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]}}}