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We aimed to examine the association between 12 risk factors and the incidence of dementia in the Czech Republic and estimate the proportion of new dementia cases that can be attributed to these risk factors. Data of 3805 Czech participants in the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (mean age: 70\u2009years, median 6.5-year follow-up) were analyzed. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox hazard models for the association between the risk factors (low education, alcohol use, living alone, obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, hearing loss, vision problem, and depression) and probable dementia diagnosis defined based on adapted Lang-Weir algorithm. We estimated the proportion of dementia cases attributable to each risk factor using weighted population attributable fractions (wPAFs). Four risk factors, low education (HR 1.72), depression (HR 1.42), diabetes mellitus (HR 1.53), and physical inactivity (HR 2.13), were significantly associated with dementia and accounted for the largest proportion of attributable risk. The total weighted PAF for all factors was 39.18%. If all risk factors for dementia were eliminated, almost 40% of dementia cases in the Czech Republic could be prevented. More systematic approach is essential for mitigating the adverse impact of risk factors on the incidence of dementia, such as improving education, preventing and treating depression and diabetes mellitus, and promoting physical.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaf112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T20:23:19Z","timestamp":1752092599000},"page":"701-707","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessing modifiable risk factors for dementia in the Czech Republic: findings from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Matej","family":"Kucera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague,","place":["Czech Republic"]},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Health Economics, Policy and Innovation Institute, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University , Brno,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Seblova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith E","family":"Bosmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana Marie","family":"Broulikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Public Mental Health Department, National Institute of Mental Health , Klecany,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavla Brennan","family":"Kearns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague,","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025073115065870100_ckaf112-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(24)01296-0","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission","volume":"404","author":"Livingston","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025073115065870100_ckaf112-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0260549","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260549","article-title":"Risk and protective 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