{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:12:53Z","timestamp":1790399573188,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Smoking remains a leading cause of preventable illness and death in the United Kingdom, but little is known about recent trends in smoking disparities between disabled and non-disabled adults, particularly in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We analysed UK Annual Population Survey data from 2017 to 2023 for adults aged \u226518\u2009years. Smoking status was classified as current, ex-, or never smoker, and disability status was defined according to the Equality Act. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate pooled adjusted relative risk ratios (RRRs) for smoking outcomes by disability status, and then separately for periods before (2017\u201319) and after (2020\u201323) the pandemic onset. To test whether the pandemic had an effect beyond underlying trends, we fitted a joint model including survey year and a post-2020 indicator. Adjusted average marginal effects quantified absolute percentage point (pp) differences in predicted probabilities between disabled and non-disabled adults. The analytic sample comprised 1\u00a0087\u00a0678 adults, of whom 26.7% (n\u2009=\u2009290\u00a0536) reported a disability. In pooled adjusted analyses covering all survey years, and controlling for age, sex, education, ethnicity, marital status, and region of residence, disabled adults had higher relative risk ratios of being current smokers (RRR\u2009=\u20091.78; 95% CI: 1.75\u20131.80; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) and ex-smokers (RRR\u2009=\u20091.44; 95% CI: 1.42\u20131.45; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) compared with never smokers. Period-stratified analyses (not adjusted for temporal trends) showed adjusted RRRs for current smoking of 1.65 (95% CI: 1.62\u20131.68; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) before and 1.95 (95% CI: 1.91\u20131.99; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) after the pandemic onset. In the fully adjusted joint model accounting for temporal trends (survey year) and pandemic period, the disability \u00d7 pandemic period interaction was not statistically significant (\u03c72 = 3.11; P\u2009=\u2009.21). Adjusted average marginal effects from the trend-adjusted model showed that disabled adults had a higher predicted probability of current smoking both before (+5.63 percentage points; 95% CI: 5.30\u20135.96; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) and after (+4.60 pp; 95% CI: 4.25\u20134.96; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) the pandemic onset, representing a modest narrowing of the absolute gap (difference\u2009=\u2009\u22121.03 pp; P\u2009=\u2009.001). Disabled adults remained substantially more likely to smoke than their non-disabled counterparts. After accounting for underlying temporal trends, the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic did not independently change this association, highlighting the continued need for disability-inclusive cessation strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaf214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T13:04:23Z","timestamp":1762952663000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Tobacco smoking by disability status before and after COVID-19 onset: a repeated cross-sectional analysis of 1\u00a0087\u00a0678 adults"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Yusuff Adebayo","family":"Adebisi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Social Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najim Z","family":"Alshahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah , Jeddah,","place":["Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oshibe Joseph","family":"Daberechi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Science Department, Ebonyi State University , Abakaliki,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac Olushola","family":"Ogunkola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford , Oxford,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Bristol,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Don Eliseo","family":"Lucero-Prisno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London,"},{"name":"United Kingdom , London,"},{"name":"Center for University Research, University of Makati , Makati City,","place":["Philippines"]},{"name":"Research Office, Palompon Institute of Technology , Palompon, Leyte,","place":["Philippines"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026040911292750600_ckaf214-B1"},{"key":"2026040911292750600_ckaf214-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntab211","article-title":"Inequalities in smoking and quitting-related outcomes among adults with and without children in the household 2013-2019: a population survey in England","volume":"24","author":"Kock","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"2026040911292750600_ckaf214-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdy208","article-title":"Reducing health inequalities in England: does the demise of NHS stop smoking services matter? Analysis of mandatory monitoring data","volume":"42","author":"McLeod","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Public Health (Oxf)"},{"key":"2026040911292750600_ckaf214-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaf024","article-title":"Determinants of knowledge of risks associated with cigarette smoking among adolescents in Scotland","volume":"35","author":"Adebisi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"2026040911292750600_ckaf214-B5"},{"key":"2026040911292750600_ckaf214-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anzjph.2023.100110","article-title":"High tobacco smoking rates in people with disability: an unaddressed public health issue","volume":"48","author":"Vourliotis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aust NZ J Public Health"},{"key":"2026040911292750600_ckaf214-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e502","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdy062","article-title":"Smoking among adults with and without 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