{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T18:13:36Z","timestamp":1775758416161,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cannabis use can have detrimental effects on adolescents\u2019 mental health, often co-occurring with child and adolescent psychiatric disorders (CAPD). This study assessed diagnostic prevalence trends in cannabis-related disorders and co-occurring diagnosed CAPD in adolescents receiving outpatient treatment in Germany. Outpatient claims data from the national public health insurance system, covering almost 4 million children and adolescents, were assessed for diagnostic prevalence of cannabis-related disorders (ICD-10 diagnoses F12.X) in insurees aged 12 to 17\u2009years for the years 2013\u201322, stratified by age group and sex. In addition, the diagnostic prevalence of co-occurring CAPD during the year 2022 was evaluated. From 2013 to 2022, the diagnostic prevalence of cannabis-related disorders among German adolescents utilizing outpatient services increased from 0.08% to 0.10% (+22.4%), with a decline during the COVID-19 pandemic and a higher diagnostic prevalence in older adolescents. Up to 14\u2009years of age, the diagnostic prevalence of cannabis-related disorders was distributed evenly among males and females, while from age 15 onwards, the diagnostic prevalence was higher in males. Overall, 78.3% of adolescents diagnosed with cannabis-related disorders had at least one co-occurring CAPD diagnosis in 2022. Most common co-occurring conditions were depressive disorders, conduct disorders, adjustment disorders, attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorders, and anxiety disorders. Co-occurring depression was particularly often diagnosed, underscoring the urgent need for integrated treatment approaches addressing both disorders simultaneously in this age group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaf228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T12:37:58Z","timestamp":1767875878000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trends in the diagnostic prevalence of cannabis-related disorders and co-occurring psychiatric disorders in adolescents: analysis of German health insurance data from 2013 to 2022"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1923-5941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Zarour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg , Oldenburg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7526-2660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Bachmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Ulm , Ulm,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5597-3123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Dandolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg , Oldenburg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Holstiege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Healthcare Atlas, Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care in Germany , Berlin,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0182-5373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Falk","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Outpatient Care and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg , Oldenburg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8717-0472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constanze","family":"Scholman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg , Oldenburg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9191-5884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yulia","family":"Golub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg , Oldenburg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026040913224536200_ckaf228-B1","author":"NCDAS, National Center for Drug Abuse Statistics"},{"key":"2026040913224536200_ckaf228-B2","author":"Orth","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026040913224536200_ckaf228-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-023-02173-0","article-title":"Prevalence of substance use disorders and associations with mindfulness, impulsive personality traits and 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