{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T21:08:34Z","timestamp":1788815314790,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Health Data and Evidence Network"},{"name":"Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 (IMI2) Joint Undertaking","award":["806968"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["806968"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013322","name":"European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Oxford National Institute for Health and Care Research\u00a0Biomedical Research Centre"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate secular trends of incidence and prevalence of Parkinson\u2019s Disease (PD), Vascular Parkinsonism (VP), and Drug-induced Parkinsonism from 2007 to 2021 in the UK. We used primary care data, Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD, from the UK. Individuals were included if they were registered from January 2007 to December 2021 with at least one year of prior observation. Age-standardized and crude incidence and prevalence were calculated annually; age-standardized rates were stratified by sex, and crude rates by age and sex. From 2007 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence of PD decreased from 35.61 (95% confidence interval: 33.97\u201337.30) to 31.27 (29.27\u201333.37) per 100\u2009000 person-years. The prevalence of PD increased from 0.21% (0.21%\u20130.22%) in 2007, peaking in 2016 at 0.23% (0.23%\u20130.24%). The number of VP diagnoses has increased since 2010, whereas the incidence and prevalence of DIP remained stable. Incidence and prevalence increased with age and were generally higher in males, except for DIP, which was slightly higher in females. Crude rates showed similar trends. Though Parkinson Disease incidence has declined, prevalence has risen, suggesting improved survival. VP rates have increased, possibly due to improvements in diagnostic screening. Drug-induced Parkinsonism rates remained stable. With an aging UK population, Parkinsonism subtypes pose a growing burden.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckag031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T12:44:56Z","timestamp":1770986696000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Secular trends of incidence and prevalence of Parkinsonism subtypes: a cohort study in the United Kingdom"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8112-8959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xihang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6500-9909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola L","family":"Barclay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0567-0137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Pineda-Moncus\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3308-9905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mart\u00ed","family":"Catal\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4068-8578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Molina-Porcel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic-Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona-Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS) , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, FRCB-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7862-4628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wai Yi","family":"Man","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0388-3403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Delmestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3950-6346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Prieto-Alhambra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam, The","place":["Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0000-0110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annika M","family":"J\u00f6dicke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3001-1478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle","family":"Newby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford,","place":["United 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