{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T21:08:34Z","timestamp":1788815314808,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vappu and Oskari Yli-Perttula Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017726","name":"Diabetes Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017726","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005744","name":"Foundation for Pediatric Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005744","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004037","name":"Juho Vainio Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004037","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006306","name":"Sigrid Jus\u00e9lius Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Yrj\u00f6 Jahnsson Foundation"},{"name":"the P\u00e4ivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation"},{"name":"the Finnish Medical Foundation"},{"name":"Oulu University Hospital"},{"name":"Helsinki University Hospital"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016332","name":"Medical Research Center Oulu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The spouses of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) seem to be at risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We comparatively analysed the risk factors, lifestyle, socioeconomic factors, and health of the spouses of women with (cases, n\u2009=\u2009599) and without (controls, n\u2009=\u2009586) GDM. This cross-sectional study utilized data from the Finnish Gestational Diabetes study. Data of the spouses were collected using a structured questionnaire: socioeconomic factors, smoking, alcohol consumption, health, own perinatal health, and family history of diabetes and CVDs. Age-adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were analysed using multivariate logistic regression. The mean ages of the cases and the controls were 33.5\u2009years and 31.2\u2009years, respectively [mean difference: 2.4\u2009years, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.68\u20133.02]. The mean body mass index of the cases (26.9\u2009kg\/m2) was 0.78\u2009kg\/m2 (95% CI: 0.34\u20131.21) higher than that of the controls. Fewer cases attained the highest educational level (13.5% vs. 16.9%, aOR 0.64, 95% CI: 0.46\u20130.90). The cases reported more often alcohol consumption (85.4% vs. 78.7%, aOR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.16\u20132.17); chronic disease, impairment, or disability (17.4% vs. 12.6%, aOR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.03\u20132.00); or mental disorder (8.0% vs. 5.1%, aOR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.01\u20132.64). The cases reported more risk factors for adverse health outcomes, more chronic diseases and mental disorders than the controls. Therefore, lifestyle counselling should also be provided to the spouses of women with GDM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckag057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T12:51:24Z","timestamp":1773838284000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gestational diabetes and spousal health: the Finnish gestational diabetes study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Tea","family":"Taskila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu , Oulu,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Welfare, Epidemiology and Monitoring Unit, Department of Public Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki and Oulu,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marja","family":"V\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4sm\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu , Oulu,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Welfare, Epidemiology and Monitoring Unit, Department of Public Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki and Oulu,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanna","family":"Mustaniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu , Oulu,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Welfare, Epidemiology and Monitoring Unit, Department of Public Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki and Oulu,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Lepp\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu , Oulu,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Welfare, Epidemiology and Monitoring Unit, Department of Public Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki and Oulu,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannele","family":"Laivuori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Center for Child, Adolescent, and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University , Tampere,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa , Tampere,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eero","family":"Kajantie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu , Oulu,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Welfare, Epidemiology and Monitoring Unit, Department of Public Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki and Oulu,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4401-213X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elina","family":"Keikkala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu , Oulu,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Welfare, Epidemiology and Monitoring Unit, Department of Public Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki and Oulu,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"The FinnGeDi Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090716331217800_ckag057-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109050","article-title":"IDF 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pregnancy","volume":"37","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2026090716331217800_ckag057-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e130\u20131","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0855","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus in mothers as a diabetes predictor in fathers: a retrospective cohort analysis","volume":"38","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026090716331217800_ckag057-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx263","article-title":"Conjoint associations of gestational diabetes and hypertension with diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease in parents: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"186","author":"Pace","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026090716331217800_ckag057-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2019.07.016","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus in mothers and long term cardiovascular disease in both parents: results of over a decade follow-up of the Iranian population","volume":"288","author":"Kabootari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2026090716331217800_ckag057-B13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Associations of pregnancy complications with paternal cardiovascular risk: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"0","author":"Mussa","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"2026090716331217800_ckag057-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaa039","article-title":"Cohort profile: the Finnish gestational diabetes (FinnGeDi) study","volume":"49","author":"Keikkala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026090716331217800_ckag057-B15","volume-title":"Current Care Guidelines for Gestational Diabetes","author":"Finnish Medical Society 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