{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T21:08:37Z","timestamp":1788815317743,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10430022010002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10430022010002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Public Health Service of Amsterdam"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019573","name":"Amsterdam UMC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019573","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Academic Medical Center and the Public Health Service of Amsterdam"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002996","name":"Dutch Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2010 T084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010 T084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["200500003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200500003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["278901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["278901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"European Fund for the Integration of non-EU immigrants","award":["2013EIF013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013EIF013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Diagnostic testing was key in preventing transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the pre-vaccination era of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This study compared SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing uptake and its determinants across six ethnic groups in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. We analyzed data from the population-based Healthy Life in an Urban Setting cohort linked to SARS-CoV-2 testing registry data from the Public Health Service of Amsterdam. Testing uptake was defined as completing at least one SARS-CoV-2 PCR test before 6 September 2021. We examined the association between ethnicity and testing uptake, and assessed determinants of testing uptake per ethnic group, using logistic regression while correcting for ethnic-specific age and sex distributions in Amsterdam. We included 19\u00a0006 participants (median age 53\u2009years; 57% female). Testing uptake ranged from 25.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 23.1%\u201327.5%) in the Ghanaian to 52.2% (95% CI\u2009=\u200950.3%\u201354.1%) in the Turkish group. Individuals of Turkish origin [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.12, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.01\u20131.23] were more likely, while those of African Surinamese (aOR\u2009=\u20090.88, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.79\u20130.97) and particularly Ghanaian (aOR\u2009=\u20090.35, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.30\u20130.40) origin less likely to be tested compared to those of Dutch origin. Younger age and perceived work or home-related stress were associated with testing uptake across most ethnic groups. Other determinants were specific to certain groups. SARS-CoV-2 testing uptake varied slightly across most ethnic groups in Amsterdam with the highest uptake among individuals of Turkish origin but was remarkably lower among individuals of Ghanaian origin. Given the diversity of identified determinants, testing strategies should be tailored to the needs of specific groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckag081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T17:39:17Z","timestamp":1783532357000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 testing uptake and its determinants in six ethnic groups living in Amsterdam, the Netherlands: a registry-based study within the HELIUS cohort"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Sophie L","family":"Campman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Stichting hiv monitoring , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"van Wilgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4083-001X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix P","family":"Chilunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liza","family":"Coyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janke","family":"Schinkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Agyemang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5904-3465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrike","family":"Galenkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anitra D M","family":"Koopman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jelle","family":"Koopsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthijs","family":"Welkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karien","family":"Stronks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Prins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases , Amsterdam,","place":["The 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