{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:19:23Z","timestamp":1790381963475,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Access publication fund of the University of Bamberg"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Attending work despite illness (sickness presenteeism) is common in many workplaces. While most research has focused on individual and workplace determinants, less is known about country-level factors. This study examines (i) the association between national sick pay policies and presenteeism, (ii) the extent to which these policies contribute to cross-country variation in presenteeism, and (iii) whether associations differ by sociodemographic and occupational characteristics. We used data on 19\u2009657 employees in 35 countries from the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey combined with country-level information on sick pay regulations. Countries were classified as offering \u2018generous\u2019 sick pay if they compensated from the first day of illness with \u226580% wage replacement for at least 2 weeks (43% of the countries met this criterion). Presenteeism was measured by the fraction of days worked while ill out of all illness days in the past 12\u2009months (presenteeism propensity). We estimated multilevel models that controlled for individual characteristics (sociodemographics, job characteristics, health) and country features (unemployment, gross domestic product, and population density). Generous sick pay was associated with an 8-percentage-point lower presenteeism propensity (average marginal effect: \u22120.08; SE: 0.04; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05), explaining 12.4% of the between-country variance in presenteeism propensity. The association appeared more pronounced among older workers, low-income employees, routine occupations, and those in industry or public administration. National sick pay regulations may shape presenteeism, particularly among groups where financial motives are central. Adequate sick pay may help prevent workers from engaging in presenteeism and mitigate its consequences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckag093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T11:41:38Z","timestamp":1779277298000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Variation in presenteeism by generosity of statutory sick pay: a multilevel analysis in 35 European countries"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8197-3618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marvin","family":"Reuter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, University of Bamberg Junior Professorship for Sociology, esp. Work and Health, , Bamberg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7333-9790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tabea","family":"Gau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, University of Bamberg Junior Professorship for Sociology, esp. Work and Health, , Bamberg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2294-7866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie-Charlotte","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division Changing World of Work, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Dortmund,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7855-2647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sascha A","family":"Ruhle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Resource Studies, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioural Science, Tilburg University , Tilburg,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090716314643200_ckag093-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1970.10667313","article-title":"Absenteeism and \u2018presenteeism\u2019 in industry","volume":"21","author":"Smith","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"2026090716314643200_ckag093-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2806\/784968","volume-title":"Sixth European Working Conditions Survey \u2013 Overview Report (2017 Update).","author":"Eurofound","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026090716314643200_ckag093-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-009-0433-6","article-title":"Does sickness presenteeism have an impact on future general health?","volume":"82","author":"Bergstr\u00f6m","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"2026090716314643200_ckag093-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2011.05630.x","article-title":"Work attendance among healthcare workers: prevalence, incentives, and long-term consequences for health and performance","volume":"67","author":"Dellve","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"2026090716314643200_ckag093-B5","author":"Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026090716314643200_ckag093-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1037\/ocp0000015","article-title":"Going to work ill: a meta-analysis of the correlates of presenteeism and a dual-path model","volume":"21","author":"Miraglia","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Occup Health Psychol"},{"key":"2026090716314643200_ckag093-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1080\/1359432X.2019.1704734","article-title":"\u201cTo work, or not to work, that is the question\u201d \u2013 Recent trends and avenues for research on presenteeism","volume":"29","author":"Ruhle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Work Organ Psychol"},{"key":"2026090716314643200_ckag093-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckp076","article-title":"What makes you work while you are sick? evidence from a survey of workers","volume":"20","author":"B\u00f6ckerman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"2026090716314643200_ckag093-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-8583.2009.00118.x","article-title":"Absence management and presenteeism: the pressures on employees to attend work and the impact of attendance on performance","volume":"20","author":"Baker-McClearn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Resour Manag J"},{"key":"2026090716314643200_ckag093-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000177219.75677.17","article-title":"Sickness presenteeism: prevalence, attendance-pressure factors, and an outline of a model for research","volume":"47","author":"Aronsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2026090716314643200_ckag093-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16101868","article-title":"Do temporary workers more often decide to work while sick? 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