{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T21:08:39Z","timestamp":1788815319269,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020","award":["874707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["874707"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Research Council for Health Working Life and Welfare","award":["2022-00322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-00322"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002706","name":"AFA Insurance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["220075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002706","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Danish Working Environment Research Fund","award":["#26-2020-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#26-2020-09"]}]},{"name":"The Danish Working Environment Research Fund","award":["#19-2022-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#19-2022-09"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000724","name":"The Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#22-B-0452"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#22-B-0452"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000724","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","award":["PI22\/01683"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22\/01683"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Circadian disruption resulting from night shift work has been associated with cardiometabolic diseases, but the underlying biological pathways remain insufficiently understood. We analyzed data from the EPHOR-NIGHT cohort, including questionnaires, clinical assessments [body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), waist\/hip circumference], and plasma metabolites in blood samples (N\u2009=\u2009860; day shift workers n\u2009=\u2009362, night shift workers\u2009=\u2009498) from Sweden, Spain, and Denmark. We applied multivariable linear regression to examine differences in cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolite levels between shift workers and examined associations between metabolites and cardiometabolic risk factors. Night shift work was associated with higher mean systolic BP (\u03b2\u2009=\u20091.89, 95%CI 0.00, 3.79\u2009mmHg), higher mean BMI (\u03b2\u2009=\u20091.14, 95%CI 0.44, 1.84\u2009kg\/m2), and higher odds of hypertension (OR\u2009=\u20091.38, 95%CI 1.00, 1.89) and overweight\/obesity (OR\u2009=\u20091.37, 95%CI 1.02, 1.82), compared to day shift work. Associations were stronger among women in sex-stratified analyses. Night shift workers had metabolic alterations, with lower fractions of polyunsaturated fatty acids, higher fractions of mono-unsaturated and saturated fatty acids, and higher levels of amino acids isoleucine, valine, and phenylalanine. These changes remained after multiple adjustments, including diet. Effects were more pronounced for those working more consecutive night shifts, more night shifts per week, and for permanent night schedules versus rotating shifts. The night shift-related metabolites were associated with higher BMI and higher blood pressure. Night shift work was associated with specific metabolic alterations linked to increased cardiometabolic risk. Our results suggest that reducing night shift intensity and consecutive nights may help mitigate these adverse effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckag101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T17:21:53Z","timestamp":1783617713000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metabolic biomarkers and cardiometabolic risk among night shift workers: evidence from night shift workers in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9460-9399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara N","family":"Harding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Population Health, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caisa","family":"Laurell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse D","family":"Thacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University , Lund,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Casta\u00f1o-Vinyals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) , Madrid,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasiia","family":"Snigireva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Helene","family":"Garde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Nabe-Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6613-4437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Albin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University , Lund,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9605-0461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manolis","family":"Kogevinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) , Madrid,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Broberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University , Lund,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B1","author":"Parent-Thirion","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","year":"2025","DOI":"10.2908\/LFSA_EWPNIG"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/07487304211064218","article-title":"Disturbance of the circadian system in shift work and its health impact","volume":"37","author":"Boivin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Biol Rhythms"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.11.017","article-title":"Circadian regulation of glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism in humans","volume":"84","author":"Poggiogalle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-060909-153128","article-title":"Central and peripheral circadian clocks in mammals","volume":"35","author":"Mohawk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-13-1271","article-title":"Circadian variation of melatonin, light exposure, and diurnal preference in day and night shift workers of both sexes","author":"Papantoniou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B7","first-page":"327","article-title":"Peripheral circadian oscillators","volume":"92","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.04.052","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular diseases for 10 causes, 1990 to 2015","volume":"70","author":"Roth","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001078","article-title":"Life\u2019s Essential 8: updating and enhancing the American Heart Association\u2019s construct of cardiovascular health: a presidential advisory from the American Heart Association","author":"Lloyd-Jones","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s40557-017-0166-z","article-title":"Effect of shift work on hypertension: cross sectional study","volume":"29","author":"Yeom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2024.1576","article-title":"Is shift work associated with a higher risk of overweight or obesity? A systematic review of observational studies with meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.10.018","article-title":"Total and cause-specific mortality of U.S. nurses working rotating night shifts","volume":"48","author":"Gu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2021.101427","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between shift work and metabolic syndrome: the roles of sleep, gender, and type of shift work","volume":"57","author":"Khosravipour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2007.01766.x","article-title":"Effects of rotating shift work on biomarkers of metabolic syndrome and inflammation","volume":"261","author":"Sookoian","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2019.1683570","article-title":"Association between shift work and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"37","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.11.013","article-title":"The relationship between shift work and metabolic risk factors: a systematic review of longitudinal studies","volume":"50","author":"Proper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP16309","article-title":"The association of blood lead with cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality: findings from the Strong Heart Study cohort","volume":"134","author":"Lieberman-Cribbin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2022-0104","article-title":"Research progresses on the effects of heavy metals on the circadian clock system","volume":"39","author":"Xue","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Environ Health"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106090","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-106090","article-title":"Cohort profile: the Exposome Project for Health and Occupational Research Night Shift Cohort (EPHOR-NIGHT), a unique resource to advance research on night shift work and chronic disease","volume":"15","author":"Harding","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e114","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000249","article-title":"Guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines*","volume":"82","author":"Jones","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B21","volume-title":"BMI Classification Percentile and Cut Off Points","author":"Weir","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B22","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.114.000216","article-title":"Quantitative serum nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics in cardiovascular epidemiology and genetics","volume":"8","author":"Soininen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Genet"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx016","article-title":"Quantitative serum nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics in large-scale epidemiology: a primer on -omic technologies","volume":"186","author":"W\u00fcrtz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2017.12.003","article-title":"ICP-MS measurement of toxic and essential elements in human breast milk. A comparison of alkali dilution and acid digestion sample preparation methods","volume":"53","author":"Levi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","article-title":"International Physical Activity Questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity","volume":"35","author":"Craig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2022.12.026","article-title":"Validation of the 14-item mediterranean diet adherence screener","volume":"53","author":"Bekar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy079","article-title":"Is shift work associated with a higher risk of overweight or obesity? A systematic review of observational studies with meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Qiaoyan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0133761","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133761","article-title":"Association of rotating night shift work with BMI and abdominal obesity among nurses and midwives","volume":"10","author":"Peplonska","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001442","article-title":"Associations of rotational shift work and night shift status with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Manohar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15602","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1010666108","article-title":"Sex difference in the near-24-hour intrinsic period of the human circadian timing system","volume":"108 Suppl 3","author":"Duffy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.SW-5","article-title":"Working time society consensus statements: individual differences in shift work tolerance and recommendations for research and practice","volume":"57","author":"Ritonja","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2002.34681","article-title":"Lead. Renal disease and hypertension","volume":"40","author":"Gonick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxad018","article-title":"Effects of nightshift work on blood metabolites in female nurses and paramedic staff: a cross-sectional study","volume":"67","author":"Van de Langenberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Work Expo Health"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23164","article-title":"Metabolomic profiles of shift workers and day workers: a cross-sectional study","volume":"29","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2014.171","article-title":"Branched-chain amino acids in metabolic signalling and insulin resistance","volume":"10","author":"Lynch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12040883","article-title":"Circulating fatty acids associate with metabolic changes in adolescents living with obesity","volume":"12","author":"Subo\u0161i\u0107","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.34.3.478","article-title":"Plasma saturated and linoleic fatty acids are independently associated with blood pressure","volume":"34","author":"Grimsgaard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2026090716334480200_ckag101-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3791","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12123791","article-title":"Plasma branched-chain and aromatic amino acids in relation to hypertension","volume":"12","author":"Mahbub","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurpub\/article-pdf\/36\/4\/ckag101\/68739819\/ckag101.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurpub\/article-pdf\/36\/4\/ckag101\/68739819\/ckag101.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T20:33:52Z","timestamp":1788813232000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurpub\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/eurpub\/ckag101\/8729180"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/ckag101","relation":{},"ISSN":["1101-1262","1464-360X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1101-1262","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-360X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"article-number":"ckag101"}}