{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T02:03:04Z","timestamp":1789351384773,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100025321","name":"Danish Cardiovascular Academy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100025321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF20SA0067242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF20SA0067242"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alcohol drinking patterns encompass various dimensions of consumption. However, most studies have focused narrowly on the quantity of alcohol consumed. This study aimed to identify alcohol-drinking patterns in middle-aged population using alcohol-related variables and to examine their relationship with coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and all-cause-mortality risk. The present population-based study included adults from the Danish Health Examination Survey (DANHES) cohort who were \u226540\u2009years old and free of CHD and stroke at baseline (n\u2009=\u200946\u00a0141). Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to identify distinct subpopulations based on six alcohol-related variables (amount, frequency, binge episodes, type, within meals, at home and alone). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) between drinking patterns and CHD, stroke, and all-cause mortality during a median follow-up of 11.8\u2009years. Four classes of drinking patterns were identified in both sexes (labeled as \u201clow drinkers,\u201d \u201clow-to-moderate drinkers,\u201d \u201cmoderate-regular drinkers,\u201d and \u201cfrequent-heavy drinkers\u201d). The more frequent drinking pattern was a median of 3 (2\u20135) drinks per week. Frequent heavy drinking was associated with a higher risk of stroke. Individuals in the low-to-moderate male drinking class and the moderate-regular female drinking class not under heart medication had a lower risk of all-cause mortality than low-level drinkers. Four distinct drinking patterns were identified. Among individuals 40\u2009years and older, frequent-heavy drinking was associated with a higher risk of stroke, while low-to-moderate regular drinking might be associated with a lower all-cause mortality risk compared to low drinkers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckag162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T11:30:16Z","timestamp":1786707016000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identifying drinking patterns in a middle-aged population and their association with coronary heart disease, stroke, and all-cause mortality risk: the Danish Health Examination Survey"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2868-7142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Trius-Soler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark , Copenhagen,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Guasch-Ferr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Valle-Hita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majken K","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janne S","family":"Tolstrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark , Copenhagen,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091321122548700_ckag162-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30134-X","article-title":"Risk thresholds for alcohol consumption: combined analysis of individual-participant data for 599\u2008912 current drinkers in 83 prospective studies","volume":"391","author":"Wood","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026091321122548700_ckag162-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.91","article-title":"Cardiovascular risks and benefits of moderate and heavy alcohol consumption","volume":"12","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Sol\u00e0","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev 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