{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:56:17Z","timestamp":1791921377870,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["647586"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["647586"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Pathogenic bacteria respond to antibiotic pressure with the evolution of resistance but survival can also depend on their ability to tolerate antibiotic treatment, known as tolerance. While a variety of resistance mechanisms and underlying genetics are well characterized in vitro and in vivo, an understanding of the evolution of tolerance, and how it interacts with resistance in situ is lacking. We assayed for tolerance and resistance in isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from chronic cystic fibrosis lung infections spanning up to 40 years of evolution, with 3 clinically relevant antibiotics: meropenem, ciprofloxacin, and tobramycin. We present evidence that tolerance is under positive selection in the lung and that it can act as an evolutionary stepping stone to resistance. However, by examining evolutionary patterns across multiple patients in different clone types, a key result is that the potential for an association between the evolution of resistance and tolerance is not inevitable, and difficult to predict.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/evlett\/qrad034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T17:46:39Z","timestamp":1695404799000},"page":"389-400","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Long-term evolution of antibiotic tolerance in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i> lung infections"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Melanie","family":"Ghoul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7030-040X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra 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Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark , Lyngby , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Molin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3526-5239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Perron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental Sciences and the Humanities, Bard College , Annandale-On-Hudson, NY , United States"},{"name":"Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University , New York, NY , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashleigh S","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Oxford , Oxford , United 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