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In hermaphrodites, such 'local mate competition' should similarly promote female-biased sex allocation, with reduced investment in sperm or pollen relative to eggs, ovules, or seeds. Because inbreeding, especially self-fertilization, tends to generate local mate competition, female-biased sex allocation should be associated with positive inbreeding, for example, as measured by\u00a0$F_{\\mathrm{IS}}$. Although inbreeding may result from mating among relatives within local populations, it can also be generated by population turnover in metapopulations subject to frequent local extinction and recolonization. This effect of population turnover has previously been considered for species with separate sexes. Here, we use formal analysis and individual-based simulations to show that population turnover can select for strongly female-biased sex allocation in hermaphroditic metapopulations, particularly when dispersal among demes is low. When mating within established populations is random, so that\u00a0$F_{\\mathrm{IS}}$ is zero, female-biased sex allocation is instead associated with positive $F_{\\mathrm{ST}}$, a measure of inbreeding at the metapopulation level caused by population structure. Our results thus extend local mate competition theory to hermaphroditic metapopulations and identify $F_{\\mathrm{ST}}$ as a key predictor of sex allocation when inbreeding is generated by population turnover rather than by non-random mating within demes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/evolut\/qpag109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T12:39:58Z","timestamp":1781613598000},"page":"1856-1867","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sex allocation of hermaphrodites in metapopulations with frequent population extinction and recolonization"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9875-4227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles","family":"Mullon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophore Building, University of Lausanne Department of Ecology and Evolution, , 1015 Lausanne ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4815-2092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor","family":"Sudbrack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophore Building, University of Lausanne Department of Ecology and Evolution, , 1015 Lausanne ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. 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