{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T12:36:37Z","timestamp":1793277397755,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2246064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2246064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>How far can evolution push a complex structure before hitting developmental limits, and when can it break free to explore new forms? Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) represent the most extreme skull shape diversity generated within a single species through recent artificial selection, while neotropical leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae) showcase the broadest craniofacial radiation in mammals, shaped over millions of years of natural selection. Their shared laurasiatherian ancestry provides an opportunity to test whether skull evolution is constrained by similar limits operating at short timescales, or whether adaptive radiations enable novel morphologies at macroevolutionary scales. Using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics of 33 canids (dog breeds and wild species) and 62 phyllostomid species, we mapped cranial variation to assess disparity and modularity, and compared the dominant directions of shape variation. Both clades overlapped largely in morphospace and varied along a primary axis of snout elongation and shortening, although with distinct outcomes: the slightly more modular canine skull showed greater disparity per unit of evolutionary time but was largely confined to a single dominant axis of variation, whereas phyllostomids dispersed along multiple axes, occupying regions inaccessible to dogs despite stronger cranial integration, suggesting repeated macroevolutionary innovation beyond the limits of microevolutionary change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/evolut\/qpag151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T23:32:46Z","timestamp":1788219166000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Natural and artificial selection generate distinct cranial diversification pathways in bats and domestic dogs"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5613-5131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Calahorra-Oliart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina Charlotte , Kannapolis ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda, A. C., Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados , Xalapa, Veracruz ,","place":["M\u00e9xico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexa","family":"Kane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina Charlotte , Kannapolis ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alisa","family":"Hutagalung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina Charlotte , Kannapolis ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1567-8749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurel R","family":"Yohe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina Charlotte , Kannapolis ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syt105","article-title":"Quantifying and comparing phylogenetic evolutionary rates for shape and other high-dimensional phenotypic data","volume":"63","author":"Adams","year":"2014","journal-title":"Systematic Biology"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12511","article-title":"Evaluating modularity in morphometric data: Challenges with the RV coefficient and a new test measure","volume":"7","author":"Adams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib3","article-title":"Geomorph: Software for geometric morphometric analyses","author":"Adams","year":"2025","journal-title":"R Package Version 4.0.10"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e94335","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094335","article-title":"Assessing phylogenetic morphological integration and trait covariation in morphometric data using evolutionary covariance matrices","volume":"9","author":"Adams","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2002.2011","article-title":"Ecomorphological analysis of trophic niche partitioning in a tropical savannah bat community","volume":"269","author":"Aguirre","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2122150119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2122150119","article-title":"Molecular genetic variation of animals and plants under domestication","volume":"119","author":"Andersson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13723","article-title":"geomorph v4.0 and gmShiny: Enhanced analytics and a new graphical interface for a comprehensive morphometric experience","volume":"12","author":"Baken","year":"(2021)","journal-title":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04824-9","article-title":"Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs","volume":"607","author":"Bergstr\u00f6m","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24518","article-title":"Domesticating olfaction: Dog breeds, including scent hounds, have reduced cribriform plate morphology relative to wolves","volume":"304","author":"Bird","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Anatomical Record"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib10","article-title":"hypervolume: High dimensional geometry, set operations, projection, and inference using kernel density estimation, support vector machines, and convex hulls","author":"Blonder","year":"2025","journal-title":"R Package Version 3.1.6"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib11","volume-title":"Morphometric tools for landmark data: Geometry and biology","author":"Bookstein","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000451","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000451","article-title":"A simple genetic architecture underlies morphological variation in dogs","volume":"8","author":"Boyko","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Biology"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12420","article-title":"mvMORPH: An R package for fitting multivariate evolutionary models to morphometric data","volume":"6","author":"Clavel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026102908185486400_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13029","article-title":"RRPP: An r package for fitting linear models to high-dimensional data using residual randomization","volume":"9","author":"Collyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib15","article-title":"RRPP: Linear model evaluation with randomized residuals in a permutation procedure (R package version 2.0.4)","author":"Collyer","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib16","volume-title":"The variation of animals and plants under domestication","author":"Darwin","year":"1868"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.82303","volume-title":"On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or, the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life","author":"Darwin","year":"1859"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-10-165","article-title":"Evolution of nectarivory in phyllostomid bats (Phyllostomidae Gray, 1825, Chiroptera: Mammalia)","volume":"10","author":"Datzmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Evolutionary Biology"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2006.01610.x","article-title":"Short-faced bats (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatina): A Caribbean radiation of strict frugivores","volume":"34","author":"D\u00e1valos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Biogeography"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10840","article-title":"A comparative study of incisor procumbency and mandibular morphology in vampire bats","volume":"271","author":"Davis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Morphology"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.12743","article-title":"A new phylogenetic test for comparing multiple high-dimensional evolutionary rates suggests interplay of evolutionary rates and modularity in lanternfishes (Myctophiformes; Myctophidae)","volume":"69","author":"Denton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1086\/650372","article-title":"Large-scale diversification of skull shape in domestic dogs: Disparity and modularity","volume":"175","author":"Drake","year":"2010","journal-title":"The American Naturalist"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2413780122","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2413780122","article-title":"Copy-cat evolution: Divergence and convergence within and between cat and dog breeds","volume":"122","author":"Drake","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2011.2005","article-title":"Morphological innovation, diversification and invasion of a new adaptive zone","volume":"279","author":"Dumont","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2009.00618.x","article-title":"Built to bite: Cranial design and function in the wrinkle-faced bat","volume":"279","author":"Dumont","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.12358","article-title":"Selection for mechanical advantage underlies multiple cranial optima in New World leaf-nosed bats","volume":"68","author":"Dumont","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2008.01042.x","article-title":"Cranial dimensions and forces of biting in the domestic dog","volume":"214","author":"Ellis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf3161","article-title":"Genomic and archaeological evidence suggest a dual origin of domestic dogs","volume":"352","author":"Frantz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.2307\/1380088","article-title":"Specialized insectivory: Beetle-eating and moth-eating molossid bats","volume":"60","author":"Freeman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Mammalogy"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib30","first-page":"140","article-title":"Form, function, and evolution in skulls and teeth of bats","volume":"9","author":"Freeman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Papers in Natural Resources"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib31","first-page":"317","article-title":"Macroevolution in Microchiroptera: Recoupling morphology and ecology with phylogeny","volume":"2","author":"Freeman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Evolutionary Ecology Research"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.2193\/2008-295","article-title":"Puncture-resistance of gloves for handling bats","volume":"73","author":"Freeman","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of Wildlife Management"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160199","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.160199","article-title":"Finding flowers in the dark: Nectar-feeding bats integrate olfaction and echolocation while foraging for nectar","volume":"3","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Terrazas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Royal Society Open Science"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1991.tb01825.x","article-title":"Procrustes methods in the statistical analysis of shape","volume":"53","author":"Goodall","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20130254","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0254","article-title":"The macroevolutionary consequences of phenotypic integration: From development to deep time","volume":"369","author":"Goswami","year":"2014","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-4983.2006.00603.x","article-title":"Is macroevolution more than successive rounds of microevolution?","volume":"50","author":"Grantham","year":"2007","journal-title":"Palaeontology"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7748","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0303-19.2019","article-title":"Significant neuroanatomical variation among domestic dog breeds","volume":"39","author":"Hecht","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s10914-019-09472-x","article-title":"Morphological diversification under high integration in a hyper diverse mammal clade","volume":"27","author":"Hedrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Mammalian Evolution"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s12862-016-0704-2","article-title":"Evolution in an extreme environment: Developmental biases and phenotypic integration in the adaptive radiation of Antarctic notothenioids","volume":"16","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Evolutionary Biology"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24512","article-title":"The impact of extreme skull morphology in domestic dogs on cribriform plate shape","volume":"304","author":"Jacquemetton","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Anatomical Record"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1998.tb02018.x","article-title":"Geometric morphometrics of developmental instability: Analyzing patterns of fluctuating asymmetry with Procrustes methods","volume":"52","author":"Klingenberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s11692-009-9051-1","article-title":"The evolution of modularity in the mammalian skull II: Evolutionary consequences","volume":"36","author":"Marroig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Evolutionary Biology"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib43","volume-title":"What evolution is","author":"Mayr","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150701648029","article-title":"The conceptual and statistical relationship between modularity and morphological integration","volume":"56","author":"Mitteroecker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Systematic Biology"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib45","first-page":"59","article-title":"A brief review of shape, form, and allometry in geometric morphometrics, with applications to human facial morphology","volume":"24","author":"Mitteroecker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hystrix the Italian Journal of Mammalogy"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-11-137","article-title":"Evolutionary patterns and processes in the radiation of phyllostomid bats","volume":"11","author":"Monteiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Evolutionary Biology"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1086\/725368","article-title":"Disentangling mechanical and sensory modules in the radiation of noctilionoid bats","volume":"202","author":"Mutumi","year":"2023","journal-title":"The American Naturalist"},{"issue":"7935","key":"2026102908185486400_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05372-y","article-title":"Environmental signal in the evolutionary diversification of bird skeletons","volume":"611","author":"Naval\u00f3n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2009.01549.x","article-title":"Morphological correlates of bite force and diet in the skull and mandible of phyllostomid bats","volume":"23","author":"Nogueira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Functional Ecology"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-10-12","article-title":"Updating the evolutionary history of Carnivora (Mammalia): A new species-level supertree complete with divergence time estimates","volume":"10","author":"Nyakatura","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Biology"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12446","article-title":"A novel approach to brachycephalic syndrome. 1. Evaluation of anatomical intranasal airway obstruction","volume":"45","author":"Oechtering","year":"2016","journal-title":"Veterinary Surgery"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/cla.12340","article-title":"Geometric morphometrics, homology and cladistics: Review and recommendations","volume":"35","author":"Palci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cladistics"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty633","article-title":"ape 5.0: An environment for modern phylogenetics and evolutionary analyses in R","volume":"35","author":"Paradis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.03.079","article-title":"Genomic analyses reveal the influence of geographic origin, migration, and hybridization on modern dog breed development","volume":"19","author":"Parker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu181","article-title":"geiger v2.0: An expanded suite of methods for fitting macroevolutionary models to phylogenetic trees","volume":"30","author":"Pennell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/s11692-008-9038-3","article-title":"The evolution of modularity in the mammalian skull I: Morphological integration patterns and magnitudes","volume":"36","author":"Porto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Evolutionary Biology"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib57","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16505","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16505","article-title":"phytools 2.0: An updated R ecosystem for phylogenetic comparative methods (and other things)","volume":"12","author":"Revell","year":"2024","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"7231","key":"2026102908185486400_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07894","article-title":"Darwin\u2019s bridge between microevolution and macroevolution","volume":"457","author":"Reznick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1139\/cjz-2022-0115","article-title":"The evolution of sanguivory in vampire bats: Origins and convergences","volume":"101","author":"Riskin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib61","first-page":"227","article-title":"Rotational fit (Procrustes) methods","volume-title":"Proc. Michigan morphometrics workshop. (","author":"Rohlf","year":"1990"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2011.05082.x","article-title":"When did plants become important to leaf-nosed bats? Diversification of feeding habits in the family Phyllostomidae","volume":"20","author":"Rojas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2012.02709.x","article-title":"The role of frugivory in the diversification of bats in the Neotropics","volume":"39","author":"Rojas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Biogeography"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syw011","article-title":"Bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionoidea) challenge a recent origin of extant Neotropical diversity","volume":"65","author":"Rojas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Systematic Biology"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11076","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08989-6","article-title":"Intense natural selection preceded the invasion of new adaptive zones during the radiation of New World leaf-nosed bats","volume":"7","author":"Rossoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12522","article-title":"Quantifying the effect of gape and morphology on bite force: Biomechanical modelling and in vivo measurements in bats","volume":"30","author":"Santana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Functional Ecology"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20160615","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2016.0615","article-title":"Go big or go fish: Morphological specializations in carnivorous bats","volume":"283","author":"Santana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2010.01703.x","article-title":"Mechanics of bite force production and its relationship to diet in bats","volume":"24","author":"Santana","year":"2010","journal-title":"Functional Ecology"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.12235","article-title":"Does nasal echolocation influence the modularity of the mammal skull?","volume":"26","author":"Santana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Evolutionary Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102908185486400_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24471","article-title":"Selective breeding in domestic dogs: How selecting for a short face impacted canine neuroanatomy","volume":"304","author":"Selba","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Anatomical Record"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0187452","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187452","article-title":"Evaluating causes of error in landmark-based data collection using scanners","volume":"12","author":"Shearer","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.14188","article-title":"A test for rate-coupling of trophic and cranial evolutionary dynamics in New World bats","volume":"75","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10739-011-9310-8","article-title":"Darwin and his pigeons. The analogy between artificial and natural selection revisited","volume":"45","author":"Theunissen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of the History of Biology"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s12520-022-01676-2","article-title":"Testing inter-observer error under a collaborative research framework for studying lithic shape variability","volume":"14","author":"Timbrell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1093\/jmammal\/gyv222","article-title":"Seed predation by the wrinkle-faced bat Centurio senex: A new case of this unusual feeding strategy in Chiroptera","volume":"97","author":"Villalobos-Chaves","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Mammalogy"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2007.00101.x","article-title":"Convergence and remarkably consistent constraint in the evolution of carnivore skull shape","volume":"61","author":"Wroe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.1093\/evolut\/qpaf154","article-title":"Comprehensive phylogenetic trait estimations support ancestral omnivory in the ecologically diverse bat family Phyllostomidae","volume":"79","author":"Yi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2026102908185486400_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150501","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2015.0501","article-title":"Bayesian hierarchical models suggest oldest known plant-visiting bat was omnivorous","volume":"11","author":"Yohe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biology Letters"}],"container-title":["Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/evolut\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/evolut\/qpag151\/70885282\/qpag151.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/evolut\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/evolut\/qpag151\/70885282\/qpag151.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T12:19:03Z","timestamp":1793276343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/evolut\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/evolut\/qpag151\/8777100"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"P David","family":"Polly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Morlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"references-count":78,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/evolut\/qpag151","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-3820","1558-5646"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-3820","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-5646","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"article-number":"qpag151"}}