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However, due to limitations in sampling these giant (some &amp;gt; 3 m) worms, their diversity and evolutionary relationships remain poorly understood. In this study, we (1) identify Crassicauda species infecting cetacean hosts from the Northwest Atlantic using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, and nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 and small subunit ribosomal RNA genes; (2) evaluate the phylogenetic relationships among our specimens, augmented with homologous sequences from GenBank; and (3) characterize host-parasite cophylogenetic structure using distance- and event-based methods. Phylogenetic analyses resolved 11 parasite species infecting 15 cetacean species, revealing cryptic and underreported diversity. Distance-based methods detected significant cophylogenetic signal between parasite and host phylogenies, while event-based analyses detected phylogenetic incongruence. This combination supports a complex evolutionary scenario in which Crassicauda lineages colonized and speciated alongside cetaceans, particularly pelagic species within the family Delphinidae, and diversified within odontocetes. Together, these results provide insight into the mosaic of evolutionary processes that shaped the genus Crassicauda and their cetacean hosts, with implications for monitoring health and disease in marine mammal populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/evolut\/qpag164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:23:25Z","timestamp":1789755805000},"page":"2506-2525","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Molecular characterization and cophylogenetic relationships between\n                    <i>Crassicauda<\/i>\n                    spp. (Nematoda: Spirurida) and cetaceans of the Northwest Atlantic"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8041-7688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacquelyn M","family":"Salguero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington, NC ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington, NC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebrina P","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington, NC ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, CO ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany F","family":"Keenan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington, NC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D Ann","family":"Pabst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington, NC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William A","family":"McLellan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington, NC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D Wilson","family":"Freshwater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington, NC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia C","family":"Buck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington, NC ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington , Wilmington, NC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2026110202574437400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2008.01237.x","article-title":"Ecological fitting by phenotypically flexible genotypes: Implications for species associations, community assembly and evolution","volume":"11","author":"Agosta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecology Letters"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026110202574437400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1578\/AM.47.3.2021.303","article-title":"First Stranding of Cuvier\u2019s Beaked Whale (Ziphius cavirostris) on the Danish North Sea Coast","volume":"47","author":"Alstrup","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aquatic Mammals"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026110202574437400_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2012.04.004","article-title":"Species tree of a recent radiation: The subfamily Delphininae (Cetacea, Mammalia)","volume":"64","author":"Amaral","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026110202574437400_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-715R.1","article-title":"Status of Corynosoma (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) Based on Anatomical, Ecological, and Phylogenetic Evidence, with the Erection of Pseudocorynosoma n. 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