{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:04:55Z","timestamp":1792785895998,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Society for the Study of Evolution's Rosemary Grant","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/057kr0a20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NSF Research Experiences for Undergraduates","award":["DBI-1005104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DBI-1005104"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/020fhsn68","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Mountain Lake Biological Station"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In consumer\u2013resource species interactions, consumers can play a role in shaping the evolution of their resources by acting as an agent of selection on the consumed species\u2019 traits. Many consumers forage on groups or patches of resources and may change their foraging behavior within and among groups with different trait compositions. If a consumer\u2019s behavioral changes affect the fitness of their resource species, consumers could impose multilevel selection on the traits of the resource species. Here, we examine how pollinator foraging behavior may create individual and multilevel selection on nectar resources in the beetle-pollinated wildflower,\u00a0Amianthium muscaetoxicum (Fly Poison). We measured nectar traits, pollinator behavior, and reproductive outcomes of individual plants, small plant neighborhoods, and whole plant patches and examined phenotypic selection at each level. We found that nectar volume at the patch level shaped pollinator visitation, but individual-level phenotypic selection predominated on nectar traits. However, we did detect a neighbor contrast component of multilevel selection: the direction of selection on nectar volume was more negative or flat in patches with lower mean nectar production and more positive in patches with higher mean nectar production. Overall, we found strong support that selection favors individual plants with high-quantity, high-quality nectar resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/evolut\/qpag169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:23:20Z","timestamp":1789755800000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Individual and multilevel selection on nectar traits in a plant\u2013pollinator mutualism"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7175-8976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah J","family":"McPeek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keely M","family":"Pattisall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edmund D Brodie","family":"III","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101500320428900_bib1","first-page":"651","article-title":"Natural selection on common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) by a community of specialized insect herbivores","volume":"7","author":"Agrawal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Evolutionary Ecology Research"},{"key":"2026101500320428900_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/60.2.255","article-title":"Maximum likelihood identification of gaussian autoregressive moving average 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