{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T05:30:51Z","timestamp":1790573451174,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]],"date-time":"2020-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The data concerning the association of smoking and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are limited. The effects of cigarette smoking on OSA still remain obscure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To reveal the impact of smoking on obstructive sleep apnea.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>About 384 patients with the diagnosis of OSA through full night polysomnographic (PSG) examination were included to the study. The demographic data (age, sex and BMI), complaints and medical history, status of smoking as non-smokers and smokers, smoking frequency (cigarettes\/day), polysomnograhic data comprising apnea hypopnea index (AHI), non-REM sleep AHI (NREM AHI), REM sleep AHI (REM AHI), minimum oxygen saturation (min SaO2) were recorded for all the subjects. Non-smokers and smokers were compared in terms of severity of OSA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study population consisted of 384 subjects, 253 males and 131 females. Smoking frequency was not found correlated with OSA severity. Among smokers, males had higher severe OSA rate (P = 0.002, P &amp;lt; 0.05). In subjects with BMI &amp;lt; 30, severe OSA rate was higher in smokers (34.44% versus 21%) (P = 0.027, P &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our study detected higher rate of severe OSA in male smokers and smokers with BMI &amp;lt; 30. PSG data did not yield statistically significant difference in non-smokers and smokers. OSA severity was not found correlated with smoking frequency. Along with the study results, the impact of smoking on OSA is still controversial. Prospective studies with larger sample size may be contributive to further evaluation of the association of OSA with smoking.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmaa112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]],"date-time":"2020-09-19T11:13:58Z","timestamp":1600514038000},"page":"180-185","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Relevance of obstructive sleep apnea and smoking: Obstructive sleep apnea and smoking"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5475-353X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayse Didem","family":"Esen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meltem","family":"Akpinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021061215582078500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws342","article-title":"Increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in adults","volume":"177","author":"Peppard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021061215582078500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1590\/S0066-782X2011005000030","article-title":"Cardiovascular profile in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"96","author":"Cintra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arq Bras Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021061215582078500_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.276185","article-title":"Does this patient have obstructive sleep apnea? 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