{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T10:26:25Z","timestamp":1769595985914,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,26]],"date-time":"2020-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Aidsfonds","award":["P-42702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P-42702"]}]},{"name":"Aidsfonds","award":["2013169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013169"]}]},{"name":"Gilead Sciences Europe Ltd","award":["PA-HIV-PREP-16-0024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PA-HIV-PREP-16-0024"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CO-NL-276-4222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CO-NL-276-4222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CO-US-276-1712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CO-US-276-1712"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Janssen Pharmaceutica"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010877","name":"ViiV Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3000268822"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3000268822"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010877","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010877","name":"ViiV Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3000747780"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3000747780"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010877","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["522002003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["522002003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the Netherlands, general practitioners (GPs) perform two-thirds of sexually transmitted infection (STI) consultations and diagnose one-third of HIV infections. GPs are, therefore, a key group to target to improve provider-initiated HIV testing. We describe the design and implementation of an educational intervention to improve HIV testing by Amsterdam GPs and explore trends in GPs\u2019 testing behaviour.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Interactive sessions on HIV and STI using graphical audit and feedback started in 2015. Participating GPs developed improvement plans that were evaluated in follow-up sessions. Laboratory data on STI testing by Amsterdam GPs from 2011 to 2017 were collected for graphical audit and feedback and effect evaluation. The primary outcome was the HIV testing rate: number of HIV tests per 10 000 person-years (PY). Secondary endpoints were chlamydia and gonorrhoea testing rates and HIV positivity ratios.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Since 2015, 41% of GPs participated. HIV testing rate declined from 2011 to 2014 (from 175 to 116 per 10 000 PY), more in women than men (176 to 101 versus 173 to 132), and stabilized from 2015 to 2017. The HIV positivity ratio declined from 0.8% in 2011 to 0.5% in 2017. From 2011 to 2017, chlamydia and gonorrhoea testing rates declined in women (from 618 to 477 per 10 000 PY) but remained stable in men (from 270 to 278).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The stabilization of the downward trend in HIV testing coincided with this educational intervention. Follow-up data are needed to formally assess the intervention\u2019s impact on GP testing behaviour whilst considering contextual factors and secular trends.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmaa139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T12:10:23Z","timestamp":1606738223000},"page":"441-447","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Rationale, design and initial results of an educational intervention to improve provider-initiated HIV testing in primary care"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0436-6782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saskia J","family":"Bogers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maarten F","family":"Schim van der Loeff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nynke","family":"van Dijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karlijn","family":"Groen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marije L","family":"Groot Bruinderink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Godelieve J","family":"de Bree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Reiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"HIV Monitoring Foundation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne E","family":"Geerlings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan E A M","family":"van Bergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"STI AIDS Netherlands, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021072809594591600_CIT0001","volume-title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections in the Netherlands in 2017","author":"Visser","year":"2018"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021072809594591600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052073","article-title":"HIV indicator condition-guided testing to reduce the number of undiagnosed patients and prevent late presentation in a high-prevalence area: a case-control study in primary care","volume":"91","author":"Joore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021072809594591600_CIT0003","first-page":"450","article-title":"NHG-Standaard Het soa-consult(Eerste herziening) (Dutch)","volume":"56","author":"Van 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Belgium","volume":"35","author":"Apers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Promot Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021072809594591600_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2017.12.006","article-title":"A systematic review of health care provider-perceived barriers and facilitators to routine HIV testing in primary care settings in the Southeastern United States","volume":"29","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021072809594591600_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-6107-0","article-title":"HIV testing within general practices in Europe: a mixed-methods systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Deblonde","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2021072809594591600_CIT0009","volume-title":"Monitoring Report 2018. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in the Netherlands","author":"van Sighem","year":"2018"},{"key":"2021072809594591600_CIT0010","first-page":"D965","article-title":"[Mapping HIV prevalence in the Netherlands with geographic information systems]","volume":"161","author":"Op de Coul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"2021072809594591600_CIT0011","author":"H-TEAM"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021072809594591600_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-017-0625-1","article-title":"Effectiveness of an individual, online e-learning program about sexually transmitted infections: a prospective cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Bos-Bonnie","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021072809594591600_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0199891","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199891","article-title":"Long term effect of primary health care training on HIV testing: a quasi-experimental evaluation of the Sexual Health in Practice (SHIP) intervention","volume":"13","author":"Pillay","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021072809594591600_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-018-0880-9","article-title":"Evaluation of an educational intervention to increase HIV-testing in high HIV prevalence general practices: a pilot feasibility stepped-wedged randomised controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Davies","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021072809594591600_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0142672","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142672","article-title":"A cluster-randomized trial of two strategies to improve antibiotic use for patients with a complicated urinary tract infection","volume":"10","author":"Spoorenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9391","key":"2021072809594591600_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14546-1","article-title":"From best evidence to best practice: effective implementation of change in patients\u2019 care","volume":"362","author":"Grol","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021072809594591600_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050655","article-title":"Unlocking the potential: longitudinal audit finds multifaceted education for general practice increases HIV testing and diagnosis","volume":"89","author":"Pillay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021072809594591600_CIT0018","first-page":"CD003030","article-title":"Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes","author":"Forsetlund","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"18","key":"2021072809594591600_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.18.2407","article-title":"Effect of a practice-based strategy on test ordering performance of primary care physicians: a randomized trial","volume":"289","author":"Verstappen","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021072809594591600_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-018-0723-8","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a blended educational programme for general practitioners\u2019 trainers to stimulate proactive HIV testing","volume":"19","author":"Joore","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"key":"2021072809594591600_CIT0021","volume-title":"[Implementatie. 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