{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T12:28:50Z","timestamp":1782563330896,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005977","name":"Kaiser Permanente","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>While use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors reduces the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease outcomes and lowers glycosylated haemoglobin (A1C), evidence on patient characteristics associated with clinically relevant A1C reduction is lacking.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to identify patient characteristics associated with A1C reduction with initial GLP-1 or SGLT-2 use.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with type 2 diabetes and a baseline A1C \u22657% who were dispensed a GLP-1 or SGLT-2 between 01\/01\/10 and 12\/31\/17 were included. Patients were categorized as having a \u22651% or &amp;lt;1% A1C reduction during the 90\u2013365 days after GLP-1\/SGLT-2 initiation. Patient characteristics were collected during the 180 days prior to initiation. Multivariable logistic and linear regression modelling was performed to identify characteristics associated with a \u22651% A1C reduction and absolute change in A1C, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Five hundred and seventy-two patients were included with 261 (46%) and 311 (54%) having and not having an \u22651% A1C reduction. Patients were primarily middle-aged, female, white, non-Hispanic and had a high burden of chronic disease. Characteristics associated with a \u22651% A1C reduction included: GLP-1\/SGLT-2 persistence, congestive heart failure comorbidity, phentermine dispensing, care management team (CMT) enrollee and higher baseline A1C. Characteristics associated with absolute A1C reduction included: age, baseline A1C, CMT enrollee, GLP-1\/SGLT-2 persistence and a phentermine dispensing.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The results of this study provide practitioners with guidance on the patients who are most likely to have a clinically relevant A1C reduction with GLP-1 or SGLT-2 use.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmab021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T20:12:37Z","timestamp":1614197557000},"page":"623-629","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Factors associated with A1C reduction with GLP-1 agonist or SGLT-2 inhibitor use"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Hanifah","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ambulatory Care Department, Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Oklahoma City, OK, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Heilmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Milchak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6530-8415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Delate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Evaluation, Strategy, and Outcomes Department, Pharmacy Outcomes Research Group, Kaiser Permanente National Pharmacy, Aurora, CO, USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021092506420659100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S98","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-S009","article-title":"9. 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