{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T17:51:17Z","timestamp":1770141077258,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,8]],"date-time":"2022-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lung ultrasound (LUS) has become the first diagnostic imaging approach to assess lung involvement in COVID-19. While LUS proved to be safe, reliable, and accurate, not many primary care physicians (PCP) are capable to employ this instrument in the first evaluation of COVID-19 outpatients. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a brief training program in LUS for PCP.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Italian local authorities promoted a training program in LUS for PCP engaged in COVID-19 outpatients\u2019 evaluation. The course took place in a COVID-19 unit and included a hands-on practice on real COVID-19 patients. We conducted a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results of the training program.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 32 PCP completed the training. About 100% of participants reported an increase in competence and confidence in the use of LUS after the training. Self-reported confidence in detecting major COVID-19 LUS abnormalities was high (B-lines 8\/10, pleural abnormalities 6.5\/10). B-lines were accurately identified with a reliability of 81%, with a sensitivity of 96%, and a negative predictive value of 98%. Trainees were some less accurate in detecting pleural abnormalities (reliability 63%) but with a high specificity (99%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study showed that a short training program, but comprising a hands-on practice, is capable to bring even almost novices to achieve a high overall accuracy and reliability in detecting lung involvement in COVID-19. This may result in a significant improvement of the performances of PCP involved in the first evaluation of COVID-19 cases in primary care facilities.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmab150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T20:12:44Z","timestamp":1635797564000},"page":"656-661","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Efficacy of a short course of lung ultrasound for primary care physicians in the assessment of COVID-19-positive patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3051-8487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Raiteri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna , Bologna , Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna , Bologna , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6716-219X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Muratori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna , Bologna , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8971-7574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Faggiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna , Bologna , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Alvisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna , Bologna , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Serio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna , Bologna , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8264-1845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Piscaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna , Bologna , Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna , Bologna , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022071912393167200_CIT0001"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022071912393167200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15444","article-title":"Usefulness of lung ultrasound examinations performed by primary care physicians in patients with suspected COVID-19.","volume":"40","author":"Calvo-Cebri\u00e1n","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022071912393167200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1149-9872","article-title":"Benefits, open questions and challenges of the use of ultrasound in the COVID-19 pandemic era. The views of a panel of worldwide international experts.","volume":"41","author":"Piscaglia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022071912393167200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06373-7","article-title":"Lung ultrasound for the early diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia: an international multicenter study","volume":"47","author":"Volpicelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2022071912393167200_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.109344","article-title":"Comparison of admission chest computed tomography and lung ultrasound performance for diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia in populations with different disease prevalence","volume":"133","author":"Colombi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"20","key":"2022071912393167200_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19945","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.104150","article-title":"Lung ultrasound is a reliable diagnostic technique to predict abnormal CT chest scan and to detect oxygen requirements in COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"12","author":"Falgarone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022071912393167200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.14664","article-title":"Our Italian experience using lung ultrasound for identification, grading and serial follow-up of severity of lung involvement for management of patients with COVID-19.","volume":"37","author":"Vetrugno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022071912393167200_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05725-8","article-title":"Thoracic ultrasonography: a narrative review","volume":"45","author":"Mayo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022071912393167200_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15620","article-title":"Interobserver agreement of lung ultrasound findings of COVID-19.","volume":"40","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"2022071912393167200_CIT0010"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022071912393167200_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11010082","article-title":"Lung ultrasound is often, but not always, normal in healthy subjects: considerations for COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"11","author":"Raiteri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics"}],"container-title":["Family Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/fampra\/article-pdf\/39\/4\/656\/45025527\/cmab150.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/fampra\/article-pdf\/39\/4\/656\/45025527\/cmab150.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T12:41:22Z","timestamp":1658234482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/fampra\/article\/39\/4\/656\/6501232"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,8]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/fampra\/cmab150","relation":{},"ISSN":["1460-2229"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1460-2229","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,8]]}}}